Adoration Of The Magi By Jan Van Ey

The book Discipleship was wriiten by Dietrich Bonhoeffer and was published in 1937. It was his fourth volume of sixteen and has also been published under the title The Cost of Discipleship. Bonhoeffer was a pastor in Germany that was alter arrested, imprisoned and executed by the Nazis.

In the excerpt from the novel Under The Feet Of Jesus by Helena Maria Viramontes Estrella goes through a character development from a feeling of ambivalence about school and her teachers to an understanding why she must go through the process of a foreign language. The author does this by using figurative language, diction, and tone.

Change is constant with a society that is always recreating itself. From the Enlightenment period to the Industrial Revolution there is a massive difference when comparing these two societies of their norms and daily life.

The art piece that I selected for my analysis is called The Triumph of Divine Love by Peter Paul Rubens. The artwork is an oil painting on canvas, circa 1625. This piece of art was commission by Isabella Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain and Portugal. The Triumph of Divine Love was one of eleven art pieces in a series portraying the Eucharist cycle, an important issue in the Catholic-Protestant strife. Its purpose was to aid in the Catholic Reformation and the artwork was to be displayed at the Convento de las Descalzas Reales in Madrid. (Ringling Museum n.d.)

Renaissance came as way for artist to let their individualism or personality shine through what they painted. Jan Van Eyck’s double portrait is a perfect example of the Renaissance as it shows a new style of art and it is the celebration of an engagement, and at the same time a celebration of himself as an artist. Jan Van Eyck’s work titled “ Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni and His Wife” was made during the Renaissance era. Renaissance

In this paper, I will review Charles Ryrie’s book The Holy Spirit. I will detail what I feel the book is about. I will emphasize various points given by the author that stood out to me. Finally, I will give my personal evaluation of the book.

The Adoration of the Lamb is Jan Van Eyck’s greatest accomplishments of a Renaissance painter. It was painted with oils in the third decade of the 15th century (Glover). This painting definitely has a lot going on in it. The painting is consisted of twelve panels where the outside panels can either be closed or open. There are many spiritual aspects in the painting; from the Holy family, Mary, Joseph, and Jesus; to Adam, Eve, and plenty of saints. The representation of these earthly and otherworldly figures shows the aspects of this world and the next. The lower middle piece physically reflects this with the horizon as the divider between the worlds. The saints and other peoples on the

The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears by Dinaw Mengestu is a novel that addresses America in a way that is real and raw. Mengestu wastes no time diving into the struggles of an American immigrant. He starts with the title, being an excerpt from Dante’s Inferno and does not finish until the last sentence of the book. Mengestu not only talks about an immigrants struggles but also discusses stereotypes, lost dreams, death, loneliness, rejection, and of course romance. He is able to do all of this by portraying it through Sephas’ life. He leaves interpretation of Sepha’s feelings up to the reader, but throughout the novel it is clear that not everything is as easy as it seems, especially with being an American immigrant. I chose The Beautiful

In 1938, Marc Chagall painted the first portrait of his crucifixion series. The White Crucifixion was developed from his own life experiences and combined both traditional and new customs to further showcase the interrelation between the disheveled state of humanity that has continued to exist. This painting has stirred a lot of controversy over the years because of Chagall’s sudden change in themes. Previously, Chagall focused on creating artworks centered on Jewish representations, but switched to depicting a Christian subject. The White Crucifixion leaves little doubt of Jesus’s identity as a Jew and further argues the interrelationship between Judaism and Christianity.

Not much is known of Van Eyck's socio-economic background however based on the time period one can infer what influenced his artwork. The Lucca Madonna was painted during the Northern Renaissance.The northern Renaissance is an artistic period that occurred in Northern European countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Holland, England, and France. Artwork during the period was influenced by gothic traditions, exploration of the new world, individualism, realism, the formation of nation-states and religion. The Northern Renaissance painting often included iconography, intense detail and vibrant colors. Although Catholicism was practiced in northern Europe, the end of feudalism diminished the church's power and many secular institutions began to arise.

During the early Renaissance era religious imagery was incredibly important to the church to help explain stories from the bible to the common people. The two main works that will be focused on are the renditions of the Last Supper. Both Leonardo Da Vinci and Dirk Bouts have created the same scene from the bible, but with major differences based on the time period and where they were created and to be placed.

The Renaissance was a time of rebirth, and evolution in artwork all around Europe. Up in the North, right behind the Italians, the Dutch and Flemish were gearing up for their own shift in artwork to surpass their neighbors. Following inspiration from their Italian neighbors, and the International Gothic style, they looked forward and redefined painting as a style, while also changing arts meaning. Making the characters true to life in artwork was a new feat never before seen until the High Renaissance in Italy. Jan Van Eyck took the Netherlands by storm by renovating the International Gothic style, and creating a more naturalistic style that spawned dozens of copiers, and inspired artists to strive for a more realistic, original view of the human body. He mastered both portrait artwork and religious altarpieces in a style of oil painting he invented. It conjured a movement of painting, which would soon change the European art scene as he passed away. Religious painting also took hit of Eyck’s artwork as it introduced the realism style religious figures in life-sized format. Jan van Eyck was a master of realism for the time period he lived in, and gave the north what Leonardo di Vinci gave to Italy. Renaissance artwork was groundbreaking because of its naturalistic style brought on by Jan van Eyck that created life like portraits, and dynamic story telling in altarpieces.

With the continuous growth of paintings and artists, prestige for art increased dramatically to the point in which religious aspects were shown through landscapes, portraits, and temperas. This then allowed the creation of new styles and mathematical input that manifested everyday life with religious aspects. One such artist was Giovanni Bellini who introduced bright, rich, strong colors into his palette and landscapes that expressed the happiness, calmness, and prosperity that Italy carried throughout the Renaissance. These characteristics and styles of paintings subsequently became a popular Venetian cornerstone. Other important figures in the Italian Renaissance that demonstrated the movement?s ideas through their ingenious paintings and architectural methods were Pier Della Francesca and Leon Battista Alberti. Francesca, who was and expert in mathematics, developed the art form of perspective. Alberti, on the other hand, as an architect developed the pediment which became popular throughout the entire Renaissance. His monasteries and churches depicted many of the religious ideas, as evident in one of his famous works, the Santa Maria Novella. All in all, the use of the common religious themes such as the annunciation, adoration, Crucifixion, and the popular Madonna

Eliade, in his book “The Sacred and Profane,” poses an interesting conjecture that all people are inherently religious. What one does and the decision they make in their lives are all reflections on what they find sacred. Sacred in this context is an extension of one’s belief held up in high esteem to the point where what is deemed sacred is god like. Religion is the frame that interprets what is sacred and gives it a name and a face. Christians, for example, view Christmas as a sacred time as it is the season of the birth of their savior; Jews view the Passover as sacred as it represents a time in their religious history where God passed over the Jews while sending a message to their enemies. What is sacred can manifest itself in any shape, form, or time; truly entering the fourth dimension of space. If something sacred is god like, what is sacred to those who do not have a God? How can something be sacred if there is not a frame of reference for the thing to be sacred? How can every decision a person makes be reflect what they find sacred, if they do not have a religious language to reflect this phenomena?

While most Renaissance art is easily attributable to the artist that created it, an artist’s work could vary dramatically depending on the city and patron for which the piece was commissioned. The fourteenth century Sienese artist Simone Martini was and example of these easily recognizable artists. Martini was known for his Gothic style that was influenced by northern Europe, but within two of his panel paintings, The Altarpiece of St. Louis of Toulouse and The Annunciation, he exhibited different stylistic and compositional strategies. This variation in style was dependent upon the social, political, and civic contexts of each city which shaped the imagery that appeared within the works of art. This variation in Martini’s work displayed the tremendous influence that the patron could choose to take over the execution of a work of art during this particular period in history.