CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Basic Introduction Now a days to travel in conventional vehicle is too costly because of the rising the price of fossil fuel. So Automotive Industry is searching a sustainable transportation for near future. Therefore are so many alternate option is available for vehicle engine like hydrogen engine, air pressure engine ,electric engine, bio diesel engine but among them a hybrid and electric vehicles are going to be popular due to their sustainability, energy saving and zero emission. Electric motors play significant role in Electrical vehicle. In-wheel motor technology is being used in modern electric vehicles to improve efficiency, safety controllability and chipper vehicle nowadays. And BLDC motor have …show more content…
Ideal Back EMF, Phase Current And, Position Sensor Wave Forms for bipolar Fig-2.4 position sensor and phase current waveforms for single phase In fig 2.4 waveforms of hall sensors output and phase voltage of bldc motor for unipolar schmeme A method to drive a BLDC motor at high speed with large starting torque by utilizing a bipolar-starting and unipolar-running algorithm. It develops a novel inverter circuit to switch from bipolar to unipolar drive, or vice versa. It also develops a controller -based BLDC motor controller not only to drive the BLDC motor with bipolar or unipolar method, we can switch from one method to the other at any speed. 2.2. BLDC Motor Model In this thesis a 3 phases, 2 poles, Y connected trapezoidal back-EMF type BLDC motor is modelled. Due to mutual inductance between stator and rotor, back-EMF has trapezoidal shape. Therefore abc phase variable model is more applicable and reliable than d-q axis. With the intention of simplifying equations and overall model the following assumptions are made. • Magnetic circuit saturation is ignored. • All phases Stator resistance, self and mutual inductance are equal and constant. • Hysteresis and eddy current losses are eliminated And
Three-phase induction motor of wound rotor type is commonly used in adjustable-speed drives. According to the type of winding on rotor, there are two common types of induction machines namely, squirrel-cage induction motor and wound-rotor induction motor. Squirrel-cage induction motors are mostly used in industrial drives which have cylindrical rotor with short-circuited rotor windings with the voltage supplied to stator windings. The rotor does not have a brushes and commutator but consists of conducting bars that are placed into the rotor slots. These bars are short circuited by the shorting rings. Whereas wound rotor induction motors have wye-connected rotor windings. In addition to the voltage that is applied to the stator windings, the phase voltages can be supplied to the rotor winding using brushes and slip rings. However, wound-rotor induction motors have not been widely used because their efficiency and maximum angular velocity are lower compared to squirrel-cage. On the other hand, squirrel-cage motors have been tremendously used in high-performance electric drives and electromechanical systems. Therefore, in this thesis, only three phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive is taken and performance analysis has been done using
The equivalent electrical circuit of a dc motor is shown in figure 5.2. It can be represented by a voltage source (Va) across the coil of the armature. The electrical equivalent of the armature coil can be described by an inductance (La) in series with a resistance (Ra) in series with an induced voltage (Vc) which
Abstract—In this modern era, many advancements in technology have been witnessed. Research and data collected around the world have allowed for these advancements to take place. This has allowed for a better understanding of the footprint humans leave on the environment. As a result, this has allowed for the planet to become eco-friendlier. An eco-friendly advancement in the 21st century is the electric vehicle. There are a plethora of benefits using electric vehicles. Some advantages include no emissions, cost-effective, and low maintenance.
There are numerous motor types available but the most common types seen in EVs are AC (alternating
Electrical vehicle technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in recent years. Electric vehicle, EV, ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, like carbon and carbon dioxide, and the advantages it enjoys, such as low maintenance and running cost, can enhance its market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store a charge more long lasting, the global need continues to rise. This research proposal, therefore, aimed at addressing an issue like government involvement, can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging which can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.
Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars.
Electric cars possess less moving parts; for this reason, they have fewer maintenance requirements and expenses. Without a doubt;
Consider vehicles as well as hustling? Verify on your own in NN. We have one of the most useful product scientific research electric motor in the course, indicating that every little thing functions the method it does reality be informed. Recorded specifications, dyno representations, furnishing lays out and also drove race sizes will certainly aid you place your understanding to make use of.
The subject of electric vehicles has been very popular of late. There have been many articles written, and research done, to scrutinize the on-going use of combustion vehicles while convincing the populous that electric vehicles are the wave of the future for transportation needs. Sales of electric vehicles have proven this true. Over the past five years, the number of electric vehicle sold has increased dramatically. According to the Electric Drive Transportation Association, in 2010 the number of Plug-In vehicles was only 345. The number of Plug-in vehicles -
Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.
This motor (similarly to any other electrical motor) has a stator and a rotor; the stator's role is to carry a three phase winding (stator winding) which is supplied from a three phase supply. While the rotor's role is to carry a short circuit winding (rotor winding), the electromagnetic induction is the way through which the rotor winding gains the voltage and the power from the stator winding.
The Majority of vehicles used to this day utilize gasoline for their primary source of fuel. Because of this, electric vehicles have faced a decline in the future of their industry due to natural physics that exists in the world. Although many of the electric vehicles offer benefits, petroleum vehicles naturally outperform the electric run vehicles. This is the result of the technology of electric vehicles due to its battery capabilities, performance, impact on the environment, and the financing of the car.
Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.
In today’s motorized life , It’s difficult to live without motor (Engines) and the main source of it’s input power is fossil fuels & partly electric power. In future these fuels or electricity may not be available widely as they are non renewable energies. So, it may be difficult to use engine with the fuels.
In this project firstly it is giving the supply to PIC16F8774 microcontroller. Then controller generates the pulse generally 5VDC.The generated pulse is nothing but PWM signal, which is given to the driver circuit. The function of this driver circuit is to generate 12V DC pulse. These applications may demand high-speed control accuracy and good dynamic responses.