Advantage And Disadvantage Of Smartphones

New revolutionary technologies are emerging fast to address this issue of increased electrical power generation and storage needs. An example is teams of MIT scientists that have created a synthetic, self-assembling chloroplast that can be break and reassemble repeatedly, a self-restoring solar cell. (Dillow, 2010). Another example is a company called Bloom Energy, which is producing tiny fuel cell boxes called “Bloom Boxes.” Two of these can power an average U.S. home. Each device is about the size of a standard brick. Although they need to be surrounded by a larger unit that takes in an energy source, they are still about the size of a refrigerator. This alternative is already being tested by companies such as Google and eBay (Siegler, 2010).

The use of nano-materials and extreme precision micro-engineering has the potential for great improvement in the world of electronics and information technology by providing smaller, faster, and more powerful computers and this has been at the forefront of the nanotechnology commercialization . Great examples of how nanotechnology is currently being used in these fields are products such as processors, data storage, and memory components made with nano-materials, TVs, monitors and even smartphone screens that use organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and waterproof electronics such as smartphones due to the application of nano-coatings

The possibilities offered by this new type of battery would indeed be considerable. From the smartphone to the tablet, via laptop, GPS or car, all energy consuming mobile power products and requiring regular refills could benefit from the advantages of this new combination. Moreover, these batteries could also be used at much larger scale than the charging alone phones or computers and storing electricity produced by renewable sources such as wind turbines or solar and tidal power.

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more common in portable electronic devices due to their high-energy density, lack of memory effect, and high charge and discharge rate capabilities. Research and development work is ongoing to improve safety and increase capacity, charge/discharge rate, and lifetime. Demand for electric vehicle batteries is currently small, but it is expected to grow very quickly. China, Japan, South Korea, France, and the United States are the major lithium-ion battery manufacturers for hybrid and electric vehicle applications.

There are many different types of batteries in development like more efficient versions of a lithium battery and the recent research into the graphene battery. The graphene battery is made from layers of carbon atom arranged in a hexagonal shape. There are many advantages of the graphene battery over a regular battery like greater efficiency, cheaper, and lighter. Graphene batteries have a much longer range than batteries used today it could be 200 to 300 km more.

Graphene synthesis usually utilise a method called exfoliation, which is defined as taking the outermost layer of graphite. There are three major types of exfoliation: chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The paper mainly focuses on chemical and mechanical exfoliation for graphene synthesis, which are the methods with highest number of experiments done.

Fully electric cars are the future of ground transportation. The use of electricity in cars will also have a massive impact on future transportation.

What is graphene? According to Merriam-Webster, graphene is defined as “an extremely electrical conductive form of elemental carbon that is composed of a single flat sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating hexagonal lattice

In this article published by "Discovery News", author Renee Morad targets the general public in an attempt to educate them on an energy breakthrough - paper that has the ability to store electricity. Researchers at Linköping University in Sweden along with others from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Innventia, the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Kentucky developed a "paper" made of cheap and Eco-Friendly materials. The product its self takes only seconds to recharge, and can be recharged hundreds of times. It is extremely durable; so much that it is able to be folded into an origami swan.

The electric car market highly relies on the capacity of the battery that is used to fuel the vehicle and battery costs said to be the biggest components of electric vehicles. In this regard, the recently opened Gigafactory dedicated to high-efficiency battery production would help benefit Tesla to provide high-performance electrical cars unmatched with other

According Volvo, These panels would reduce the weight of the car upto fifteen percent! Car manufacturers in Europe are competing with each other to develop body panels that would be able to store energy and at the same time charge faster than normal batteries used in cars these days. These body panels are made up of Carbon resin and Polymer fiber (Refer the diagram for more information, Source: http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/motoring/storing-energy-as-you-go-26691481.html) .

More recently, in 1980, an American physicist Professor John Goodenough invented the lithium battery. As lithium is one of the lightest elements on the period table and being its electrochemical potential is extremely high, the combination produces some of the highest possible voltages in the most compact and lightest volumes (Alarco 2015). There is an unfortunate decent balance between advantages and disadvantage for lithium batteries. An advantage is that its low maintenance, therefore the batteries don’t exhibit a phenomenon known as the “Memory Effect”, of which in short is now used as a general term for anything that makes a battery not deliver at its full capacity. A disadvantage of lithium batteries is the cost. Money is

“Recently we 've shown how you can make graphene a home in a blender using pencils and a household detergent. The silly putty: we made it ourselves using a homemade recipe of oil and boric acid. Everything is doable at home,” he added.

Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,

ABSTRACT: One atom-thick sheet of carbon discovered this century is flaunted not just for its electrical properties but also for its physical strength and flexibility. The bonds between carbon atoms are well known as the strongest in nature, so a perfect sheet of graphene should withstand just about anything, but to use it in real-time applications, we have to understand the useful strength of graphene. So for, researchers have looked extensively at graphene’s electronic properties and tensile strength, nobody, had taken comprehensive measurements of its ability to withstand a compressive load. We find that, counter to standard reasoning, graphene sheets with Stone-Thrower-Wales (STW) defects are able to bear high compressive stress as compared to pristine graphene. We show that this trend can be understood by considering the critical bonds in the seven and five-membered carbon rings which bears the maximum compressive stress. Graphene with STW defects is stronger in compressive strength point of view because they are able to better accommodate these strained rings. Our results provide guidelines for designing graphene with STW defects to obtain maximum compressive strength, so that we can get the benefit of this