Advantage Strategy: Marcoco's Approach To International Business?

According to Colander, "The reason two countries trade is that trade can make both countries better off" (2004, p. 416). In economics, the theory of comparative advantage clarifies why it can be advantageous for two countries to trade, even though one of them may be able to produce every kind of item more cheaply than the other. What matters is not the absolute cost of production, but instead, the ratio between how easily the two countries can produce different kinds of goods. The basic idea of the principle of comparative advantage is that as long as the relative opportunity costs of producing goods differ among countries, then there are potential gains from trade.

If each country specializes in areas where its advantages are greatest or disadvantages are least, the gains from trade will make each country better off than it would be if it remained self-sufficient. [3]

Comparative advantage is the concept that production can be conducted with lower opportunity cost than a competitor. The lower cost of

As most already know, the Swiss are renowned for their production of high quality chocolates including those of the Toblerone and Lindt brands. “Switzerland has a comparative advantage in the production of chocolate. By spending one hour producing two pounds of chocolate, it gives up producing one pound of cheese, whereas, if it spends that hour producing cheese, it gives up two pounds of chocolate. Thus, the good in which comparative advantage is held is the good that the country produces most efficiently (chocolate). Therefore, if given a choice between producing two goods (or services), a country will make the most efficient use of its resources by producing the good with the lowest opportunity cost, the good in which it holds the comparative advantage, and by trading for the other good.” (Globalization101.org, 2010)

Due to the differences between the countries in its profitable fundamentals; the International Trade occurs. The contracts between the countries consider as the primary driver of the global exchange. These contracts concluded on the basis of the countries beneficial elements and advantages. Each international trade between the countries depends on numerous focal points of this exchange process. The economics and producers effectiveness measured by absolute advantage for these economics/producers. For example; if the producer needs lesser amount of contributions/inputs to provide specific product, then this producer has an absolute advantage in producing

Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more than one product efficiently and at the lowest cost. Comparative advantage is the ability to specialize in producing one product at the lowest cost. Comparative advantage affects trade the most because with specializing in producing one product the companies must trade to receive other products. Comparative advantage also considers the opportunity of cost to produce one product verse the other.

Comparative advantage states that the division of labor should operate freely, without outside interference, because some countries, people, states, etc., have special advantages over the others, that allows them to produce certain goods more

There are obviously many ways in which products make it to us. To get materials from overseas obviously requires ships or aircraft.

Which is cost difference determines the patterns of international trade. Absolute advantage is trade benefits when each country is at least cost producer of one of the goods being traded. In the 1800s, David Ricardo developed the theory of comparative advantage to measure gains from trades. This theory is based on comparative advantage and it states each nation should specialize in production of those goods for which its relatively more efficient with a lower opportunity cost.

The country can maximize their wealth by putting the resources in the most competitive industries. Government created comparative advantage rather than free trade because now easier moves the production processes and the machines into countries that can produce more goods (Yeager & Tuereck, 1984). However, many countries now move to new trade theory suggests the ability firms to limit the number of competitors associated with economic scale (reduction of costs with a large scale of output) (Krugman, 1992). The comparative advantage occurs when two-way trade in identical products, it will useful where economic scale is important, but it will create problem with this model. As a result, government must intervene in international trade for protection to domestic firms (Krugman, 1990)

Chapters twenty and twenty-one went over the relationship of international markets in a global economy. In an increasingly interconnected world, global trade has caused countries to shift to specializations in their markets. Therefore, raising average wages due to increased productivity. Countries can have absolute or comparative advantages in a certain market. As written in the text, an example of absolute advantage would be Saudi Arabia in the oil industry. This is because they have such an abundance of easily assessable oil very few countries can complete in that market. A comparative advantage is when a country can produce a product at a much lower cost. Comparative advantage is a balance of opportunity cost that leads a nation to specialized in a specific market. Comparative advantage can also be gained through the exploitation of workers or practices that are severity destructive to the environment. To protect a nations cultural, economic, and social interest a country will use tariffs, import quotas, and non-tariff barriers to deter domestic companies from purchasing goods from counties who practice unpleasant or morally object able methods, such as child labor.

Portugal currently finds itself having difficulty staying competitive in the world marketplace. While the Portuguese economy lost two of its top industries like textiles and footwear manufacturing to competition from inexpensive Chinese labor, slowing the country’s growth for over a decade, they still have a few leads in the market with reputable products and companies("The importance of," 2010). Portugal’s main pattern of trade is to and from other European Union countries (Trade Profile, 2012). 73% of all exports from Portugal end up in the EU, while 75% of imports also come from the EU (Trade Profile, 2012). According to the CIA World Factbook, Portugal’s main exports now consist of cork, wood, and paper. There are several examples of major Portuguese companies that produce

MADINA COSMETICS imports all Jergens products from Dubai, under American supervision and observation, where Jergens has a manufacturing company, which is responsible to cover the demand in all the Middle East area, so they are their suppliers.

The concept of absolute advantage is one of the most fundamental areas of concern in the study of economics. In its basic meaning, absolute advantage refers to the ability of one individual or party to produce more of a particular good or service than other competitors given the same amount of resources. In this regard, absolute advantage becomes a very important aspect in the concept of international trade as it clearly defines the different areas where countries should specialize in order to maximize their productivity and enhance international trade. The principle of absolute advantage was first elucidated by Adam Smith in his study of international trade using labor and capital as the only factor inputs(Free, 2010).

Comparative advantage is a principle developed by David Ricardo in the early 19th century to explain the benefits of mutual trade (Carbaugh, 2008). Many underlying assumptions of comparative advantage depend on states of economic equilibrium and an absence of economy of scale. In reality, economies are dynamic and subject to innovation and interference; which has led to revised assumptions of return and competition (Krugman, 1987). These factors have created questions of free trade and governmental participation in an economy by the development of strategic trade policies. These new concepts do not replace the theory of comparative advantage; however, they further explain how trade can benefit a country's economy (Krugman, 1987).