Advantages And Disadvantages Of Anti Dumping

Antitrust laws are meant to protect competition in markets. They try to ensure that all individuals have an “equally opportunity in honest competition.” Early in the nation’s history, there was widespread fear of the dangers of monopolies and other restrictions on competition. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to prevent limits on competition caused by private parties. Thus the main goal of antitrust law is to preserve “economic freedom” and a “free-enterprise system.” Specifically, it attempts to preserve “the freedom to compete” for businesses. In a practical sense, antitrust laws are seeking to prevent burdens on competition in the marketplace.

The main purpose of antitrust laws is to promote competition in the markets by preventing monopolies. They also protect consumers and other businesses from unfair business practices and collusion among companies. The thought behind this is that consumers are hurt when monopolies exist because they have fewer choices, the price is likely to be higher, and the services being provided may not be very good. Turmoil in the national economy during the 1870’s and 1880’s necessitated the development of trust that would stabilize individual industries. This would later

to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and

In a telling judgement, the Supreme Court of India, on Sep. 9, 2010, has effectively and judiciously circumscribed the boundaries of exercise of power by both the Competition Commission of India (CCI/Commission) and the Competition Appellate Tribunal (“the Tribunal”) while delivering its verdict in the much awaited case Competition Commission of India v. Steel Authority of India Ltd. This Note captures the highlights of the decision for readers of this Blog!

Antitrust laws are classical examples of adapting tendencies of government to the changing times. The history of competition act, 2002 is a good example of the proverb that the road to hell is paved with good intentions. The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, enacted in the era of restrictive economy found itself to be obsolete and redundant with the opening of Economy in 1991, was vacuum was filled by passage of Competition Act, 2002. Cartels are prohibited by most countries in most of the countries, whether they are domestic or foreign firms. Over the years, international cartels, which comprise firms more than in one country were considered to be illegal,

As a result, of rising opportunity costs, domestic production may stop short of complete specialization. However, if a large group of people and nations are benefiting from specialization and in international exchange, the government has the power to restrict the free flow of imports or encourage exports. Government can interfere with free trade by protective tariffs, import quotas, nontariff barriers, and export subsidies. Protective tariffs are tariffs that are enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry. Import tariffs limits on the quantities or total value of specific items that may be imported. Nontariff barriers is a form of restrictive trade where barriers to trade are set up and take a form other than a tariff. While export subsidies is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of goods on the domestic market through direct payments, low-cost loans, tax relief for exporters, or government-financed international advertising. In executing barriers against imports, the nations whose exports suffer may retaliate with trade barriers of their own, creating a trade

Antitrust law is enacted by the federal and various state governments to (1) regulate trade and commerce by preventing unlawful restraints, price-fixing, and monopolies; (2) promote competition; and (3) encourage the production of quality goods and services with the primary goal of safeguarding public welfare by ensuring that consumer demands will be met by the manufacture and sale of goods at reasonable prices.

Antitrust laws are to protect competition. The free and open competition benefits that consumers have by ensuring that they have lower prices as well as new and better products. In a freely competitive market, each competing business generally will try to attract consumers by cutting its prices and increasing the quality of its products or services in order to try to beat out there competitor. The competition and the profit gives the opportunities to bring and also stimulate businesses to find new, innovative, and more efficient methods of production. Consumers sometimes benefit from competition when there are lower prices and better products and services (). The antitrust law is the law that

First, one of the restrictions to free trade is tariff. According to Menlo-Atherton High School (2015), a tax that is put on imported goods from abroad is known as tariff. Tariff is used to raise the price of imported goods so that the domestic producers can sell their similar goods at higher prices. Domestic government will be the one collecting the money that is received from tariff. Protective tariffs and revenue tariffs are the types of tariff. Protective tariffs are put on imported goods so that it will be more expensive. It is used to protect the domestic industries from the competition of foreign firms. Revenue tariffs are used to raise money for government (Menlo-Atherton High School, 2015). The benefit of tariffs are uneven due to tariff is a tax. Besides that government is benefited, domestic industries are benefit from it as well due to the reduction of competition from foreign productions. It is because of the increased prices of the imported products. However, it is unfortunate for the consumers because the higher price of goods is due to higher import price. Tariff tends to bring advantages for government and producers but not to the

“The mission of the Antitrust Division is to promote economic competition through enforcing and providing guidance on antitrust laws and principles”. Antitrust laws have been developed to create the strong foundation of a free & open market of a vibrant economy. Market is so competitive now a days, there are so many options available for products & services, which is the result of antitrust laws. Antitrust is developed to help both consumers & business owners. “These laws promote vigorous competition and protect consumers from anticompetitive mergers and business practices”

Under the law, the United States imposes duties on dumped imports causing or threatening to cause disadvantages to the competing U.S. industry. Almost any appreciable injury is considered to be material. The rates of those duties are set equal to the dumping margin, which is the difference between the administratively determined fair value and the market price expressed as a percentage of the market price. Many

One problem that trade barriers have caused is that they increase the cost of enterprises, affecting the international competitiveness of enterprises. For a long time, due to the low technological content of Chinese export products, mainly to win international markets at low prices, the developed countries have adopted some ways, such as the green subsidy system, the green packaging system, the green fortress and so on. By imposing import surcharges, increasing the cost of

Columbia Encyclopedia, (1993) defined dumping as the selling of goods at less than normal price, usually as exports in international trade. It may be done by a producer, a group of producers, or a nation. However, dumping is usually done to drive competitors off the market and secure a monopoly, and/or to hinder foreign competition. Nations, in an effort to counterbalance international dumping, often resorted to flexible tariffs. International trade through acute competition from foreign producers often leads to dumping infractions of law. A policy regarding dumping, depends on its effectiveness in maintaining separate domestic and foreign

Customs duty is levied on import of goods into India. A downward trend in customs duty rates has been seen over the past few years. This ensures free import of raw materials required for the production of Labels & Tags.

Regulations imposed by the government in any economy determine the market efficiency and growth. Policies and laws governing the flow of goods and out flow determined the internal trade affairs. When the government formulates policies and regulations, which is the market conducive, efficiency is enhanced. In such instances, the outcomes of the market yields can be predicted. Such ability of the policies and regulations to enhance efficiency in the markets can be enabling the government to have prior arrangements and plans concerning future economic goals. On the other hand, as the governing body there is a need to establish the effectiveness of the current policies in enhancing marketing efficiency. However, there is a need to establish the criteria for determining the correctness and effectiveness of the regulations which are to be set. Governing body should intervene in the control of the market regulations though independent bodies and private sectors should be involved in such regulations formulations. Many economies, such the United states and United Kingdom, the government has the power to intervene in the market policies. When the market fails in such instances, the government is blamed for the failure. The modern economies advocates for more freedom of choice in the formulation of regulations of the markets. Others concentrate on the efficiency of the policies and regulations in the achievement of the market goals.