Advantages And Disadvantages Of Articulators

Hinge The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone, Hinge joint are uniaxial because they allow motion around a single axis. Produces an opening and closing motion.

Occlusal plane orientation: An imaginary plane formed by occlusal contact of the upper and lower teeth.

An orofacial examination was performed to assess the structural and functional integrity of the oral mechanism. The exam did not reveal anything of clinical significance.

WookHeo, Dong-SeokNahm, and Seung-HakBaek (2007)32performed study to compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amountof retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth.30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion were included in the study. The sample was subdivided into group 1 (en masse retraction) and group 2 (two-step retraction). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Nine skeletal and 10 anchorage variables were measured, and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis.The amount of horizontal retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth was not different between the two groups, there was mild labial movement of the root apices of the upper incisors in group 2 at T2. No significant difference in the degree of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth was observed between the two groups. Bodily and mesial movements of the upper molars occurred in both groups. A 4 mm of the retraction of the upper incisal edges resulted from 1 mm of anchorage loss in the upper molars in both groups.

Reversal of the normal relationship of upper teeth, which only interfere normal function to a minor degree (less than 2mm).

The implant-retained overdenture is a treatment option for edentulous patients in the following situations: poorly retained and unstable mandibular dentures, poor bone quality or insufficient available bone to accommodate 4 or more implants, as the original Branemark protocol suggests, and to aid patients with financial constraints. When compared to the fixed implant-supported restoration, the removable implant-retained overdenture offers several advantages including enhanced access for oral hygiene, easy modification of prosthesis base, and the provision of a labial flange to improve esthetics in situations of unfavorable jaw relationship.

Dentistry is a field of exactness and the upmost precision. Today, most dentist continue to use the limited 2D plaster models that only show the teeth and gums from a lateral position showing only the outside and the inside of the mouth. Plaster models tend to only show the visible, apparent problems that may be wrong with a patient but cannot effectively showcase the many other possibilities that may be causing a patient to have malocclusions and misalignments of the jaw. Cone beam computed tomography shows the roots of the teeth with precision while also displaying the bones in the head so that any anomaly can easily be noticed and allow for easier work. There have also been specific studies to determine how each person varies in their nasal passages and how this can cause certain problems in each case. Overall, Cone Beam Computed Tomography proves to be the best option for orthodontists to use because it accurately scans the facial structure and teeth allowing for the ultimate amount of precision by orthodontists when dealing with the amount of space teeth need to be moved and compare that with the forces particularly required to achieve a satisfactory product. With this being said, Cone Beam Computed Tomography should be pushed widespread into the field of Orthodontics so that in cases of great complexity patients with the proper health can be properly helped with their situations. This technology can successfully bring the accuracy into the field needed to deal

Attachment points for the muscles of the head and neck are located on the exterior surfaces of the skull and allow for important movement like chewing, speech, and facial expressions. Teeth are rooted into deep sockets in the mandible and maxillary bones. The upper portions of the digestive and respiratory tracts are also housed within the hollow oral and nasal cavities of the skull.

Joints appear throughout our body. Our ability to move turn our head is because of our spine 's ability to twist and turn. Our shoulders and hips allow our arms to move in circles. Our elbows and knees are hinge joints, which allow us to extend or retract our hands and feet. Our wrists and ankles give is the ability to move them in circles. Our fingers and toes are hinge joints as well. Every place in your body that moves, like your jaw, does so because of joints.

The evolution of orthodontic appliances, and advances of surgical techniques have helped the orthodontist and surgeon to correct craniofacial deformities and Tempromandibular joint problems and improve the patient’s quality of life.

6) MCP-4275PV shows the anterior portion slightly arched lingually, however this can be due to fossilization process. The dentary surround the major part of the hemimandible in this view, where are inserts the labyrinthodont teeth. It is impossible to identify the posterior coronoid and the surangular anterior edge that composes the adductor cavity dorsal edge (torus arcuatus), which is dorsolaterally expanded. The glenoid cavity, in “L” shape (due to the hamate process placed laterolingually), is composed by the articular. Such anatomy is typical for capitosaurs and mastodonsaurs (Damiani 1999b). The hamate process act as an extension of the articular and its contact with the distal ramus of the pterygoid’s quadrate provide a strict articulation with the skull, which optimize the open-close mouth motion (Damini 2001 apud Howie 1970). The glenoid cavity is well developed, measuring 14mm by 14mm. The hamate process in not preserved, however is possible to identify its break point. This structure is not present in Paleozoic taxa, just in Mesozoic taxa (Damini 1999b). The PGA is a diagnostic mandible portion (e.g. Damiani 1999b; jupp & Warren 1986). Although it’s posterior part is damaged, was possible achieve significant anatomical information. According to Jupp & Warren (1986), the hemimandible’s PGA is type I, composed by surangular labially and articular lingually, measuring 15mm of length. The dorsal suture between articular and surangular cannot be

Placement of a removable prosthesis in the oral cavity produces significant changes in the oral

Locator attachment are specified in cases of tissue-supported removable overdentures on two to four implants, partially edentulous overdentures with one or more implants, and limited interarch distance.57

The muscle narrows distally that passes through a space between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the skull to form a tendon that inserts on the coronoid process and anterior edge and medial border of the mandibular ramus (2,8). The temporalis can be divided into three portion according to fiber direction and ultimate function. The anterior portion consists of fibers that are directed almost vertically. The middle portion contains fibers that run obliquely across the lateral aspect of the skull. The most posterior portion run forward almost horizontally, bend around the posterior root of the zygomatic arch in front of the articular eminence, and pass downward vertically to the mandible (2). Bilateral contractions of the temporalis muscle elevate the mandible, while unilateral contraction produces lateral excursion of the same side as when chewing in a side-to-side manner. The posterior temporalis contraction produces slightly retrusion during mouth closing

The relevance of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) to malocclusion become a hot issue in recent years. TMDs is a collective complex term for a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions which includes several clinical signs and symptoms involving the muscles of mastications, temporomandibular joint, and associated structures (Manfredini et al., 2010; Ferreira et al., 2013). The displacement of mandible can influence the modeling process of the TMJ, leading to asymmetry. Eventhough a small amount of asymmetry in the maxillofacial region is common, there is a critical threshold distance that is considered as asymmetric (Masuoka et al., 2007; Chu et al., 2011; Almasan et al., 2103; Kang., 2015). At the same time many authors have shown