Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bio Composite

In the specimens, all showed a brittle fracture due to how the stress vs strain slope looked and where the Ultimate Tensile Strength was located. Also, how the composited specimens failed look consistent that there were any defects in the specimens. The 0°/90° carbon/epoxy specimen failed in the longitudinal direction because of how the fibers were aligned in that direction. The two ±45° glass/ epoxy specimen failed in the 45-degree direction do to how the fibers were aligned in the specimens. These failures would make sense because composites fail when fiber become unconnected so the epoxy failed first and then cause the fibers to fail next. The fibers individual are weak but when are combined and form a pattern with other fibers is how the strength

Thus, generally a composite can be termed as a material composed of a discrete constituent distributed in a continuous phase and derives its distinguishing characteristics form the properties of the constituents , from the spatial shape and the design of the constituents, and from the properties of the interfaces between different constituents.

Composites can provide a specific tensile strength (ratio of material stiffness to density) that is approximately four to six times greater than steel or aluminum.

Fiber-reinforced composite consisting of multiple layers of material is called laminate. Each layer is thin and may have a different fiber orientation. Two laminates may have the same number of layers and the same fiber angles but the two laminates may be different because of the arrangement of the layers. Figure 18 shows a global Cartesian coordinate system and a general laminate consisting of N layers. The laminate thickness is denoted by h and the thickness of a kth layer is hk thickness coordinate, designated z, is located at the laminate geometric mid-plane. The geometric mid- plane may be within a particular layer or at an interface between layers.

Composites are materials consisting of two or more chemically distinct constituents having a clear interface separating them and with properties which cannot be obtained by any constituent material working individually [1].

One of the earliest uses of non-biological materials within the body was the wooden toe prosthetic in 1065-740BC in early Egypt. However, research within the field and therefore the 1st generation of biomaterials was recognized a lot of conspicuously in 1960 to 1970. Throughout this time period biomaterial research encompassed all materials designed to be used within the body. These materials

Bio composite (bio from Greek 'alive') is a composite material formed by a matrix (resin) and a reinforcement of natural fibers. These kinds of materials often mimic the structure of the living materials involved in the process keeping the strengthening properties of the matrix that was used, but always providing biocompatibility. The matrix phase is formed by polymers derived from renewable and nonrenewable resources. The matrix is important to protect the fibers from environmental degradation and mechanical damage, to hold the fibers together and to transfer the loads on it. The commonly used fibers are from crops (cotton, flax or hemp), recycled wood, waste paper, crop processing byproducts or regenerated cellulose fiber (viscose/rayon).

Various cementitious composites are extensively used in construction industry. Their properties vary in a large scale and incorporation of desirable properties in cementitious composites has been an active area of interest for research. Such a study not only helps to attain higher efficient materials but also helps to improve upon already existing ones. Identifying and modeling the atomistic structure and simulating the material response are hence relevant and futuristic. There exist various methods for simulating materials and minerals, mainly homogeneous metal like materials, at nano-micro level and thus studying their engineering properties. In the nano level, atomistic properties are simulated by methods such as Monte Carlo Simulation and Molecular Dynamics using empirical inter atomic potential and ab initio quantum mechanical methods. These properties can then be extended to micro level. The results of such simulations have become as valid as theoretical

Composite materials are the engineering materials made from two or more constituent materials they remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level but forming a single component or Composites can defined as materials that consist of two more chemically and physically different phases separated by a distinct interface(matrix phase and dispersed phase). The different systems are combined judiciously to achieve a component with more and more useful structural or functional properties non-attainable by any of the constituent alone. Matrix phase is the primary phase having a continuous character. Matrix is usually more ductile and less hard phase. It holds the dispersed phase and shares a load with it. Dispersed (reinforcing) phase is embedded in the matrix in a discontinuous form. This secondary phase is called the dispersed phase. Dispersed phase is usually stronger than the matrix, therefore, it is sometimes called reinforcing phase.

A composite material is a material that is made of (composed of) 2 or more constituent materials with different physical and chemical properties of each other. When combined, these materials form a composite with different properties from both of its constituent. Composite material is preferred for many reasons. It is often stronger, lighter, and less expensive when compared to traditional materials. Engineered composite materials, for example, are: mortars, concrete, metal composites, reinforced plastics, and ceramic composites. Nowadays, composites are widely used in many fields, especially in industries. Industries including oil and gas industry now use composites as their equipment’s material. One of the strongest reason why composites are now widely used, is that, use of composites lower the production cost for

Composite materials are the engineering materials made from two or more constituent materials they remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level but forming a single component or Composites can defined as materials that consist of two more chemically and physically different phases separated by a distinct interface(matrix phase and dispersed phase). The different systems are combined judiciously to achieve a component with more and more useful structural or functional properties non-attainable by any of the constituent alone. In the composites usually Matrix phase is the primary or base phase having a continuous character or continuous molecular chain. But these Matrixes are usually less hard and more ductile phase. In composites it holds the dispersed (reinforcing) phase, shares a load with it. The Dispersed phase is encapsulated in the matrix in a discontinuous form called a secondary phase. This Secondary phase is usually stronger than that of the matrix phase, so is also called as reinforcing phase.

Aerospace design applications rely heavily on weight reduction, structural integrity and optimize performance. Engineers and designers have adopted carbon fiber composite due to its high modulus reinforcement fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix.

Being a composite material, the properties of the GFRP are determined by: the choice of resin and glass type, the volume fractions of the fibres and the matrix, the manufacturing techniques employed and the material properties of its constituent parts. Much of the current literature describes and highlights the variability in GFRP properties owing to the above [3][4][5]. The most commonly used resins in the production of GFRP are polyester and epoxy resins, which are both thermosetting polymers. This means that high temperature and pressure are not required in the manufacturing process, making GFRP a versatile material, albeit a relatively expensive one. Both of these resins were investigated here, with the focus eventually shifting towards polyester resin.

For acknowledgeable, a hybrid composite material is a combination of “hybrid” and “composite”. The meaning of “hybrid” in hybrid composite material itself is the hybridization in macroscopic structure in the metallographic scale. Researchers found that there are three new categories of hybridization of materials, that is, hybrid materials. The categorizations of hybrid materials are structurally-hybridized materials, materials hybridized in chemical-bond, and functionally-hybridized materials. The composite wings require more advanced treatment that must be based on a new methodology which handles the modelling complexity arising mainly from the fibrous nature of anisotropic composites. The most popular hybrid composite is carbon-Kevlar hybrid composite and this is because hybridization of carbon fibre-reinforced composites with Kevlar fibre results in a significant positive hybrid

Recent years, high modulus and high strength was the main concern of the development of advance performance of the composite materials. High strength is not only the objective but also the performance of the material along with ability