Advantages And Disadvantages Of Catalysts

Enzymes are known as protein catalysts. The name protein catalyst suggests that most enzymes are made of proteins. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. (Giuseppe, M 2002, p.69). After a reaction has been catalyzed, the catalyst can be used again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes reduce the activation energy (minimal energy) it takes for a reaction to take place. Enzymes can either catabolize (destroy), or anabolize (build up) a chemical system.

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. To be more specific, the enzymes have a pocket called an active site where substrates, which are the reactants of the reaction, can bind to. Once they are bound, the complex is called an enzyme-substrate complex. The catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to products by stretching, stressing, and bending bonds to break them and make it easier to get to the transition state where the molecules can form new bonds. The amount of free energy needed to go forth with the reaction decreases, as a result.

An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst to form reaction, and see the activity of the

2. A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate specific chemical reactions (Raven, et al., 2014). Enzymes do their job by

1. All enzymes are catalyst because they cause a chemical reaction to take place faster than it would on its own. It also does not get used during the reaction (Hudon-Miller, 2012).

For a product to be formed, the substrate must bind with the enzyme's active site. Enzymes are globular biological catalysts, which speed up a chemical reaction. Enzymes have an active site, where another molecule called a substrate combines.

Organisms cannot rely entirely on spontaneous reactions to produce all the materials necessary for life. These reactions occur much too slowly. To produce these materials quicker, cells rely on enzymes, biological catalysts, to speed up these reactions without being consumed. (General Biology I, Martineau, Dean, Gilliland, & Soderstrom, Lab Manual, 2017, 43). To produce these materials quicker, the activation reaction much be lowered, a very important part of this lab. Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule, or set of molecules, called a substrate (43). The enzyme binds to this substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. An enzyme is a protein whose structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids groups that

These molecules, called enzymes, are used as catalysts, which means they lower the activation energy of a reaction. Enzymes work by having an active site where it binds with the substrate, or reactant, which allows for

Catalysts are an extremely important part of the experiment, but to understand catalyst you first must understand Activation energy. Activation Energy is “the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo chemical transformation or physical transport.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, "activation energy | chemistry"). A Catalyst is “is a substance which speeds up a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. When the reaction has finished, you would have exactly the same mass of catalyst as you had at the beginning.” A catalyst provides an “alternate route” for a reaction, one which has lower activation energy, there for speeding up the reaction by requiring the reaction to need less energy to begin, but only in specific conditions will they work to their full potential. (Clark, "The effect of catalysts on rates of reaction") An enzyme is a “catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without it being altered in the process”. Catalysts work optimally in certain PHs, and can be altered when in temperatures and PH levels that are different then what they are used to (http://www.britannica.com/science/enzyme). Acids and bases are both materials that can inhibit the efficiency of a catalyst in a reaction. Materials can be considered acids or bases depending on their

Enzymes are very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions. They speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. Like all catalysts, enzymes take part in the reaction - that is how they provide an alternative reaction pathway. But they do not undergo permanent changes and so remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. They can only alter the rate of reaction, not the position of the equilibrium. Enzymes are usually highly selective, catalyzing specific reactions only. This specificity is due to the shapes of the enzyme molecules.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.

A way to approach the elimination of carbon monoxide from car exhaust is through the use of organometallic catalysts. Through the use of a catalyst, a reaction can occur at a faster rate and at lower activation energy. Said catalysts serve are of great commercial interest because they essentially convert simple mole-cules into more complex ones.6 Unlike homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts are not in the same phase as how the reac-tion is occurring. Because of this, the catalysts are considered to be cheaper and easier to obtain. It is also considered more envi-ronmentally friendly to use.6-7

Following the Progress of an Enzyme Controlled Reaction Plan ---- Enzymes are a widely used source of biological catalyst; they are used in widely in industry as in the biological aspects. Enzymes are biological catalyst; this means that they will speed up a reaction with out becoming used up. The enzymes for this by not actually interfering with the reaction its self but basically align the two substrates on the active site of the enzyme.

The three way catalytic converter uses two stages to accomplish the process of reducing toxic emissions, the first stage takes place on the reduction catalyst. The second stage of the process happens on the oxidation catalyst. Platinum and rhodium are the metals used for the reduction catalyst and oxidation catalyst uses platinum and palladium. The use of rhodium is very important because it enhances the purification of the gases to be emitted since palladium does not perform well in the purification process.