Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cetane

In addition, consumer must be aware that there are better alternatives to hybrids on market. Thanks to advancing technology, many petro powered and diesel powered vehicle get similar EPA fuel economy on highway. From German automotive manufacture, they have developed Clean Diesel such as Blue Tec from Mercedes-Benz and TDI from Volkswagen which

Diesel is going to be the fuel that will control the world just like gasoline is today. Clean diesel is something that seems unreachable but it is closer than people think. Diesels now are Cleaner than ever and it it going to out do any other form of power for cars. Although other fuels and forms of power produce no emissions, diesel engines can be made to produce less harmful pollutants and be more efficient. There may be a few negative characteristics about diesel engines. But, the positive characteristics that they have out weight the bad things about them. To keep the diesels clean the process of how they work needs to be known.

Chevron products Company, a Chevron U.S. A Inc. division, maker of the Delo(R) brand of technologically advanced heavy duty engine oils, lubricants and coolants, unveiled a new category of heavy duty motor oil designed to address the growth of severe duty applications in on-and off-highway markets. Quality heavy-duty engine oils must also disperse soot and control sludge in order to help guard against the loss of an engine’s life. Properly lubricating the inside of a heavy-duty engine requires more than just creating a protective film. Delo products have assisted in reducing operating costs and improving fuel efficiency. Switching to this product Delo 's fuel economy products, and a 4% fuel economy improvement compared to SAE 15W-40 oils. Actual results will vary depending upon vehicle type, load and other driving conditions [4].

Dane, John, and Kent J. Voorhees. "Investigation of Nitro-Organic Compounds in Diesel Engine Exhaust." National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2010). Print.

As a result of EPA regulations, today’s diesel engines are more efficient than ever before seen in large and midsized trucks. Certain regulations restrict truck owners from using certain truck models, because of excess diesel emission. Increasing drastically as technology improves, cars and trucks produce less and less diesel exhausts and emissions. “But because diesel engines can operate for 30 years or more, millions of older, dirtier engines are still in use,” (Epa.Gov). Reducing exposure to diesel exhaust from these engines is especially important for the preservation of human health and the environment. According to the EPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency,

From 1992 to 2005, the most popular oxygenate for gasoline was Methyl Tert Butyl Ether,

One resolution to the fuel pollution issue uses the idea of reinvention to curb the damage that smoke and fuel causes to the environment. A U.S. company, Sea Change LLC. paired with the Maine Maritime Academy to create a more friendly fuel (“1”). The engineering classes at the academy along with chemists created a fuel that burned cleaner and safer for the environment. The fuel used mirco-glycerol droplets mixed with ultra-low sulfur diesel to reduce harmful emissions and as a result found a reduction in smoke by 25 to 50 percent (“1”). In addition Nitrogen Oxide levels showed a reduction by 5 to 15 percent compared to regular low-sulfur diesel at equivalent horsepower (“1”). This hard work truly paid off big for these two entities and they showed that with some ingenuity safer ways of burning fuel just wait to be

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bromination reaction to manufacture ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate from ethyl trans-cinnamate utilizing hydrogen bromide, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol. However, due to an error in the mechanism, the reaction was performed under the same equivalent conditions with trans-diphenylethene to yield 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane. Subsequently, a debromination reaction was performed to synthesize diphenylacetylene from the product, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, utilizing potassium hydroxide and ethylene glycol. Both reactions were performed based on the principles of green chemistry: specifically increasing the atom economy, minimizing the syntheses of hazardous chemicals, utilizing safer solvents, preventing pollution and preventing accidents in the process.1 In order to evaluate the purity, each product was analyzed by obtaining the TLC and melting point range and running the samples in the Infrared spectrometer, Gas chromatography mass spectrometer, and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Based on the mass of solid product obtained, the percent yield for ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane and diphenylacetylene were calculated to be %, %, and % respectively.

Observing the data, it can be seen that there is a significant increase in the amount of energy diesel + hexanol (C6) produced (in kJ/g). Theoretically, only 5.2 kJ/g was expected to be released, however the hexanol displayed synergistic effects, as an extra 1.1

The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and EIA (Energy Information Administration) both play key roles in the types of fuel we can run in our cars and trucks and thus they indirectly play a role in the overall “price package” that we consumers have to pay. When fuel arrives in the United States about 95% of it is in its natural state; that is crude oil. It is then pumped or shipped to refineries where certain qualities are achieved such as diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, and heating oil. The EPA’s role is to regulate the amount of additives and other chemicals that are added to the fuels, which give them certain cleansing and lubricating properties. An important and very controversial additive in diesel fuel is sulphur.

The hypothesis was proven to be correct because isopropyl alcohol had a more joules created than either of the other fuels. It was the longest lasting which demonstrates the effectiveness of just two milliliters, so when a liter is used, the alcohol now has the potential for inordinate amounts of energy because the heat would continue to rise and the seconds of energy would dramatically increase. Gasoline nor diesel do not have enough heat longevity or intensity to match the isopropyl alcohol. There are two clear benefits from this fuel source. The first is that if alcohol were to be used as a different fuel source is creating joules, this alcohol would be more efficient in creating more energy as a whole, and the second benefit is that environmentally it releases less odors and CO2 emissions. Isopropyl alcohol formed by hydration reaction when water and propene combine, and considering that propene is an organic compound, both ingredients are natural resources and more stable overall. This liquid could be manipulated to release more heat than gasoline, and thus, more heat means energy that can be converted as

After gasoline is refined, some chemicals are added. Some of the chemicals that are added are anti-knock compounds. Usually these compounds react quickly to the chemicals in the gasoline that burn quickly so that it could prevent “engine knock”. After this other additives are added to prevent the formation of a gum type of congestion in the engine. The gum is more of a resin that is formed in gasoline that can coat the internal parts of the engine and increase wear.

In chapter fourteen of our textbook, Environment: The Science Behind The Stories, it is made clear that the United States does not use the precautionary principle approach when it comes to evaluating how toxic a substance is (Withgott & Laposata, 2014, p. 382). This lack of precaution has proven to be dangerous when it comes to chemicals, especially when using polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs are chemically engineered flame retardants used during the manufacturing process of clothing, bedding, and many other household goods. These flame retardants work by eliminating the fire’s oxygen supply, resulting in less damage to the item and a decrease in the chance of a larger fire (Hester & Harrison, 2013, p. 45). While PBDEs may have been necessary during a time when there were fewer fire regulations, it is clear that the negative effects of these flame retardants outweigh the benefits in today’s times.

Engines run on petroleum. Petroleum is used in many products such as plastics, ink paint, shoe polish, nylons, roof shingles, novelty candy, cosmetics, candles, vaseline, bug biller, ammonia, tires, asphalt, crayons, paper, cups, and wax paper. Although petroleum may be useful in many applications, the best used for petroleum is diesel fuel for many reasons. One reason diesel fuel is the best and most efficient use for petroleum is that diesel fuel contains about 14% more energy by volume than gasoline. This makes diesel fuel the most efficient fuel for use in automobiles and trucks. Diesel fuel is especially the most efficient fuel for use in towing all types of vehicles for many reasons. One reason diesel engines are better for towing is that they have more low end torque because of their higher compression ratios. A diesel engine 's compression ratio is between 15:1 and 23:1 compared to the compression ratio of a gasoline engine which is 10:1 to 12:1 but if the compression ratio is raised from 10:1 to 15:1, the thermal efficiency will improve by roughly nine percent. Diesel engines also deliver twenty-five to thirty percent better fuel economy than similar performing gasoline engines. When compared to a 4.0 liter gasoline engine, the Cummin’s 4BT3.9 diesel engine is much more fuel efficient engine.

The multiple advantages of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine have positioned this technology as the current trend for gasoline powertrains [1, 2]. Amongst GDI benefits, the increased power output, and improved engine efficiency [1, 3, 4] are the most advantageous. Therefore, GDI engines are framed in the drive for more efficient technologies and in the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. However, the major concern about GDI engines is the increased particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to their counterparts Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines [5, 6]. PM composition can vary depending on the engine operating condition. In the case of stoichiometric GDI engine operation, with optimized fuel injection timing, the PM formed contains a low level of soot. However, there are some circumstances, such as in cold start operation, which could lead to higher rates of soot formation due to the large fuel droplets formation and spray impingement. In the case of lean GDI engine operation, stratified charge promotes increased levels of soot as a result of the rich in fuel regions in the combustion chamber [7]. PM negative effects on human health and the environment have been broadly reported. In the work carried out by Jarvis et al [8], the carcinogenic and mutagenic behavior of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed in the carbonaceous core (soot) of PM is reported. Furthermore, researchers have provided evidence to link PM exposure to asthma