Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cumene

It is also commonly known as terachloromethane. Like many chemical compounds if carbon tetrachloride is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin there is a chance of death, so it is important to use with with respect and care (proper protection). Under normal condition carbon tetrachloride is a very stable and clear and colourless substance. Since carbon tetrachloride can cause the liver and kidneys to degenerate it is consider a carcinogen. The chemical formula is CCI4 and it has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol. Despite being poisonous, and having a strong odor, carbon tetrachloride is

More than 60 are known to or suspected to cause cancer. It doesn’t only cause cancer but other disease such as heart disease, coughing, mucus, chest discomfort, and reduced lung function, asthma attacks, and low birth-weight babies.

There are approximately 4,000-7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke. Chemicals included are: nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, acetone, benzene, butane, Cadmium and DDT. The chemicals previously listed are typically found within nail polish remover, hair dye, rat poison, rubber cement, active ingredients in battery acid, embalming fluid, and materials for paving roads. Forty-three of the chemicals within a cigarette are known cancer-causing compounds, and over 400 other toxins. In addition, depending on the type of cigarette that is smoked, the effects could be even more harmful to one’s body by containing more additives and chemicals than others (Kleinman, L., M.D., & D. M., M.P.H., 2016).

Acrylamide or propenic acid amide (AcA) has also been called a cooking carcinogen.AcA has been widely used for decades in various spheres of life, mostly (99.9%) for manufacturing of polyacrylamide (PAA). Acrylamide (CH_2 = CH-CONH_2) has been an important industrial chemical in particular it has been used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide has been used for various purposes, including removal of suspended solids from industrial waste water, soil conditioner, grouting agents, surfactant for herbicide mixtures, a stationary phase for laboratory separations, and cosmetic formulations. Consequently, since acrylamide is formed from polyacrylamide degradation, it has been known to be present in drinking water

Some of the pollutants released include: toluene, benzene, xylene and ethyl benzene, ground level ozone (also known as smog), nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. Exposure to these pollutants are known to cause short-term illness, organ damage, nervous system disorders, cancer, birth defects and even death in some cases. Some of the cancer causing are this; Dioxin is formed when chlorine breaks down, and can be found in both water and air. Dioxins are known human carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. One dioxin has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a known human carcinogen. Organic solvents are a class of chemicals that includes chlorinated and other solvents, including toluene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde. Sources of exposure include outdoor and indoor air pollution, waste incineration, cleaning products and some cosmetics. They are also used in the manufacture of computer parts. Many pesticides that are included in the fluid, including herbicides and other pest-killing poisons, have been labeled as human or animal carcinogens. A report demonstrated that lifetime use of residential pesticides may be associated with an increase

EPA established a reference risk level for carcinogens of 1*10-4; it means that the risk associated with a health problem is the 1 in 10,000. It is assumed that a person exposed to the minimum carcinogenic dose of a chemical can develop cancer; therefore, we can calculate the minimum carcinogenic dose from equation (3) by using the reference risk level of 1*10-4 and cancer slope factor of each chemical; cancer slope factor defines the relationship between a specific chemical and the likelihood of developing a tumor after exposure to such a chemical and is used to predict cancer at a specific dose. To calculate the minimum carcinogenic dose, weight-of-evidence classifications and an average adult body weight of 70 kg are used. Weight-of-evidence classifications show the likelihood of a chemical to be a carcinogen. While the EPA uses letters A (carcinogenic to humans), B1 (likely to be carcinogenic; limited human evidence), B2 (likely to be carcinogenic; little or no human evidence), C (possibly carcinogenic; little animal evidence), D (not classifiable), and E (evidence of no carcinogenic effects), Forman (1993) quantified weight-of-evidence and assigned likelihood values to each letter: A = 1.00, B1 = 0.84, B2 = 0.67, C-B2 = 0.51, and C = 0.34. The following equation can be used to calculate hazard dose of a

PAH have toxicity potential, environmental persistence, ubiquity and tendency to bioaccumulation, reasons why they are viewed

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of manmade chemicals. They are oily liquids or solids, clear to yellow in color, with no smell or taste. Over the years PCBs have been released into the environment through spills, leaks from electrical and other equipment, and improper disposal and storage. It is estimated that more than half of the PCBs produced have been released into the environment. Once in the environment, PCBs can be transported long distances and they bind strongly to soil and sediment so they tend to be persistent in the environment. They have been found in air, water, soil, and sediments throughout the world. How this will impact the world is that PCB’s can enter the body by eating or drinking contaminated food, through

Lung cancer is a very common to be diagnosed with and harmful to anyone who is exposed to many resources around the world: smoking (first hand and second hand) and pollution. Any resource that is made up of chemicals that are exposed into the air that people breathe, give the risk of affecting others with lung cancer. However, since smoking is the most popular way to cause lung cancer, many people are exposed to it from either firsthand or second hand. First hand smoking is when the person being affected is indirect contact with the source that is giving off the toxins, while secondhand is when the one being affected is not directly connected to the main source. Either way the chemicals and toxins that come from harmful resources soon will build up and affect one’s normal body

The respiratory system is greatly impacted by the use of marijuana, particularly the lungs and the bronchial passages. According to “ Marijuana: Health effects of recreational and medical use” by Wynne Armand MD, an assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School “smoking marijuana can irritate the lungs...worsening of conditions like asthma and cystic fibrosis”(Armand 2016). The chemicals that are included in marijuana, such as ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are toxic to the lungs and the bronchial passages. These chemicals are harmful and life threatening to the lungs. In “What You Should Know About Marijuana and Lung Cancer Risks,” it is stated that “Marijuana smoking does cause inflammation and cell damage, and it has been associated with precancerous changes in lung tissue”( ). Smoking marijuana can cause severe illnesses such as

Brain cancer is one of the dangerous cancer types that cause rapid deterioration of health and death. Smoking in young women is increasing as a trend and it requires a coordinated approach. The women should be made aware of the consequences of smoking on their immediate health as well as the long term effects on them and their children. The smoking women are prone to numerous cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lungs, and respiratory issues. According to Zheng, Cantor, Zhang, Chiu, and Lynch (2001) even there is minimal evidence that there is a direct link of smoking and brain cancer however the intake of N-nitroso compounds can cause brain cancer. The tobacco intake through various methods including smoking causes various health issues.

Cyclohexane is an acute irritant with low order toxicity due to its efficient metabolism and excretion. Methods of transmittance are inhalation and ingestion. User that has skin contact with cyclohexane will also have some unfavourable topical effects (example?). It is generally considered to be a safe solvent for industrial use

TCDD is the most potent compound (congener) of its series and became known as a

One report from the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) shows that about 1.78 million children have responded they tried E-Cigarette in 2012. Such as the article shows, currently there are many people who use E-Cigarettes and more are expected. There are over 7,000 flavors that are now being sold in the market and they are usually made by various chemicals. However, an accident occurred to the workers from the microwave popcorn-processing plant in the early 2000’s. The workers got a disease called bronchiolitis obliterans while working with flavoring chemicals; it is so serious that the only cure is to replace the lung. Since this happened by flavoring chemicals, we would like to see if these dangerous chemicals can be found in

The presence of these components in the sputum may cause mutations in the smokers genes, which may lead to the formation to cancerous tumors. The risk of developing lung cancer is directly related to the number of cigarettes smoked (Schaadt, 1992).