Advantages And Disadvantages Of Flow Assurance Management

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and

The Keystone XL Pipeline will provide a secure and reliable source of oil for the United States. The southern portion of the pipeline alone can “ transport 830,000 bpd of crude from Cushing, Oklahoma to Gulf Coast refineries” (Kalen). The Keystone XL pipeline is necessary to keep up with consumer demand as the supply from Mexico and Venezuela decreases continually. The oil imports from Mexico and Venezuela are unreliable and are continually declining; therefore, the Keystone XL Pipeline will provide a reliable source of oil for

Almost 95 million barrels of oil and fuel are produced each day in order to provide energy and fuel to people the world over. A major component of the oil industry is the transportation of oil through various means including oil pipelines. These pipelines are capable of transporting thousands of barrels of oil thousands of miles per day. In the United States one possible pipeline has caused a lot of controversy and discussion on the impact it will have on the United States. The difficulty in deciding if the Keystone XL Pipeline should be built is in whether the possibility of economic growth outweighs the possibility of environmental destruction. In order to make a decision, one must first look into the history of oil pipelines. It is crucial

Opponents of the use of the pipeline mode to transport fuel claim that it is responsible for numerous deaths that occur annually. The rate of increased accidents is attributable to the fact that as a mode of fuel transportation, minimal oversight, outdated pipes, and insufficient precautions subject

The North Dakota Pipeline will be placed under Lake Oahe and if the pipeline spills it could harm Standing Rocks water supply.

The KXLP has remained controversial in the United States for a number of reasons. These reasons include economic, environmental, political and ethical. The issues surrounding the KXLP continue to shape the outcome of this proposed pipeline. It is clear that the national attention in the United States and Canada, in regard to the KXLP has caused many to speak out in favor and against the pipeline. Although the issues with the pipeline have not been finalized, it is in fact apparent that the KXLP will shape the Midstream industry in the United States and Canada.

The Keystone XL Pipeline is an oil pipeline system that runs in parts of Canada and the United States. The pipeline runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta, Canada, to refineries in Illinois and Texas with a distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma. The pipeline has provided several jobs throughout the two countries. Many people have concerns about spills, emission, and the amount of oil left. This paper explains the location of the pipeline, the problems and concerns that surround it, and the positive outcomes it has created.

the owner of the pipeline must adhere to. More frequent dives to observe the conditions of the pipeline. A transparent system, where information is shown immediately and open to the public, and immediate action taken place in the case of sub par conditions. A pipeline with similar characteristics, line 6B, back in 2010 ruptured thanks to erosion causing the worst inlans oil spill in U.S history. 35 miles of the Kalamazoo River were contaminated with over 800,000 gallons of Albertan tar sands oil. The expense of the damage to cleanup was about 767 million dollars and Enbridge response to the situation was at best sub-par. Six years to went by before Enbridge only partially contributed financially to the problem by paying Michigan 177 million dollars for damages. Showing that the concerns associated with the pipeline are

The construction of pipelines means that companies would have to dig up ground, which could lead to several issues. The most notable issue of the oil pipelines is the destruction of the life cycle. Deforestation, homeless wildlife, and soil erosion are the main factors that would be greatly affected in the life cycle. (Williams, 2012). Although this issue is of great concern, there is not a more effective, efficient, and safer way to transport oil across the country. All other modes of transportation cause greater emissions of detrimental gases to the environment from the pulling of the heavy amounts of oil. Lastly, pipelines have valves that can block off spillages, while other methods have no possible way of stopping these spillages, causing the same environmental defects as the construction of the

Considering the potential negative effects this pipeline would have on the environment if a leak

Some stakeholders in the Northern Gateway Project would counter with defending the Enbridge as they plan on using thicker pipe and horizontal drilling to bore beneath 30 rivers, instead of passing through them. Though they are changing their pipe sizes and thickness, this new material is being used for the first time and could potentially become a disaster if the pipe breaks and leaves over the ocean, rivers and/or environments. (5)

Where this agreement usually ends, however, is with the question of quality control refining processes from my viewpoint. Anotherwords, what control measures are enforced to ensure all contaminants are entirely removed to guarantee a high level of quality assurance and security of the petroleum sectors within the nation’s infrastructures? Are there residual contaminants affecting the quality of fuel supplied to the nation’s energy consumers? From a preceding viewpoint, it can be related to the Colorado Floods that occurred in September 2013. Even the prevailing thought of hazardous waste introduced to the Colorado geographical landscape does not eliminate the second and third order affects imposed on the nation’s petroleum pipeline infrastructure by way of corrosion, introducing chemicals into the pipeline arteries through small cracks that may extend beyond Colorado, an implication that cannot be ruled out. Water contamination prevention-or across the board programs-from the negative effect of hydraulic fracturing should be an expectation from petroleum energy producers. Moreover, it reminds us of an infrastructure security vulnerability, which is not often specified, when hydraulic fracturing is correlated to the role water functions through the conventional petroleum refining process, along with vast arrays of petroleum pipelines that exist across the nation’s geographical landscapes. These concerns should be brought

Recently, oil spill management has become a serious concern and subsequently, it has become a big issue as it takes a large, specifically trained team effort to solve the devastating problem. It also requires consistent efforts of the workforce. The Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico was perhaps another major contributing factor to highlighting the need for Oil Spill Management to be addressed. The director of the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement, Michael Bromwich stated that this oil spill proved that oil and gas organizations were not prepared to deal with oil spills. (Merolli, 2010).

In the 1990s contamination became a large problem with groundwater in the Ogallala aquifer. There are many people who look past the case of the Keystone XL pipeline because some believe that if there was a failure in building the pipeline or a leakage that the oil would contaminate the soil, groundwater, crops, and destroy our economy. “The Canadian company that owns the Keystone, has repeatedly said the XL will be “the safest pipeline ever built on U.S. soil”. What people may not already realize is that there is a large amount of thousands of miles of pipelines that carry crude oil and many refined liquids, that crosses the U.S. and even the Ogallala

We would like to thank you for giving this project to our company. We understand how serious this acid mine drainage problem is and would like to assure you confidence in our ability to safely deal with the issue. Our company has been in the business of water treatment and acid mine drainage cleanup for 40 years now. We have dealt with 203 similar issues since the creation of our company. Although we are based in Pennsylvania, we do water treatment projects all over the United States and work primarily out-of-state. In this letter, we would like to give our proposal for how to effectively solve this problem to you.