Advantages And Disadvantages Of Macroeconomics

The Federal Reserve has the dual job of ensuring price stability and maximum employment, which are contradictory objectives. The Feds try to achieve the goals through monetary policy which determines the demand and supply of money by controlling interest rates. The Fed’s goal is to achieve a natural rate of unemployment of more or less 5%. When the actual unemployment figures are below the natural rate of unemployment, inflation increases and there is a high demand of goods and services propelling the economy with the ensuing labor demands and the pressure it places on wages, which in turn produces inflation. When the Fed is faced with this scenario, it must increase the rates to slow the growth and achieve price stability (contractionary cycle).

Since the Central Bank has the exclusive right to issue money in the economy, it can have extensive influence on the determination of interest rate in financial markets and in the economy as a whole, by adjusting the interest rate on short-term loans to financial institutions. Central Bank interest rates on these loans therefore have the most immediate impact on other short-term interest rates in the money market. By influencing interest rates, monetary policy then has an effect on the savings and expenditure decisions of individuals and corporate.

1. If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then the amount of gross

If the Federal Reserve saw or presumed that the monetary policies on economic stability were directly related to employment growth, then they were right to just serve one mandate of price stability. It was correct to argue that when the economic policies of a nation are favorable, the economic status of the country will grow. It is during economic growth when there are investments in the economy that attracts employments. When the economic growth is favorable, the lending of a nation will be better and thus self-employment will be evident. Therefore, the two mandates could be effectively joined into one another (Lalonde, & Parent, 2006).

The Federal Reserve Act lays out the monetary policy that states that the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee should look for "to support effectively the aims of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates." The pre-requirement for highest sustainable growth and employment rates along with long term interest rates is price stability in the long run. Long run stable prices prevents merchandise, services, materials and labor from getting distorted by inflation and hence turn out to be good indicators to the proficient distribution of resources and consequently add to better and higher standards of living (Meyer, 2004). Moreover, price stability promotes saving and generates capital since the risk of inflation causing attrition of asset values is decreased and hence people are driven to save more and business tend to invest more.

Most people don’t understand Economic growth or what takes place in the economy with regard to inflation, unemployment, or interest rates. These things are all regulated by the central bank called the Federal Reserve System. The tope covered in this paper is the monetary policy which is the policy that decides if unemployment, interest, and inflation decreases or increases. The Monetary policy decides what price a person pays for an item at the store, how much interest a person will get charged on a loan for a car. This is something most people consider, most just look for the best price point or look where their money can go the farthest.

It widely recognized that the monetary policy within a country should be primarily concerned with the pursuit of price stability. However, it is still not clear how this objective can be achieved most effectively. This debate remains unsettled, but an increasing number of countries have adopted inflation targeting as their monetary policy framework. (Dr E J van der Merwe, 2002) This topic of Inflation targeting is a subject which immediately conjures different perceptions from different people. Many feel that low inflation should be a main aim of monetary policy, while others (such as trade union activists) believe that a higher growth rate to stimulate jobs should be the main concern.

The main goals of monetary policy are to have modest long-term interest rates, steady prices, and the lowest level of unemployment. The Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for setting the goal amount of the federal funds rate, which is the rate at which banks can

After the global financial crisis, the economies of many countries were stagnant, some companies closed down, many people lost their jobs, and governments needed to spend much money to help these companies and unemployed people which caused large government debts, the banks also faced to bankrupt. All of these problems caused the governments wish the monetary policy can provide the solutions to recover the economy. The primary goal of monetary policy is to keep price stability which is very important for central banks, it could help central banks make the monetary policy process is apolitical and get

Monetary policies are ways that the Federal Reserve relies on to reach full employment, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and it should be free from political influence. Through forward guidance the Federal Open Market committee (FOMC) provides to households, businesses, and investors about where the monetary policy stands and is expected to prevail in the future, given the current economic outlook. They try to fix the economy by regulating inflation because it will lead to a decline on the purchasing power. Monetary policies are to achieve low employment, stable prices and low interest rates. By enforcing effective monetary policy, the Fed tries to maintain stable prices and so to support conditions

After reviewing all the required information, there were several similarities. For instance, a similarity that between the United States and Switzerland is that all residents are mandated to have some form of health insurance, therefore making it the country with one of the best health coverage. Unlike the United States where employers as well as State coverage such as Medicare and Medicaid programs subsidizes health coverage, in Switzerland most residents are responsible for the purchase of their own insurances. Another factor regarding their health care is that all insurances are privately owned, however it is also under the government regulation. Upon further evaluation there were similarities between the US and Japan where with some insurance

For Americans, the confederated republic of Switzerland should be of particular interest. After forming a Federal Constitution in the mid nineteenth century, and subsequently adhering to the maxims of democratic representation, Switzerland became structurally comparable to the United States and other state subscribers of modernization theory. Switzerland endorses a decentralized form of government, while also placing a considerable emphasize on individual economic and political freedom. However; unlike other advanced member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), of whom are devoted to democracy and free market economy, Switzerland

The pro of Switzerland’s health care system is the consumer inspired characteristic that provides the elevated quality of care (Herzlinger & Parsa-Parsi, 2004). It does this while at the same time providing lower costs than the employer based American Health Care system (Herzlinger & Parsa-Parsi, 2004). The affirmative outcome “achieved by the Swiss system may be attributed to its consumer control, price transparency of the insurance

| Advocates of active monetary and fiscal policy view the economy as inherently unstable and believe that policy can manage aggregate demand, and thereby, production and employment, to offset the inherent instability. When aggregate demand is inadequate to ensure full employment, policymakers should boost government spending, cut taxes, and expand money supply. However, when aggregate demand is excessive, risking higher inflation, policymakers should cut government spending, raise taxes, and reduce the money supply. Such policy actions put

Monetary policy involves manipulating the interest rate charged by the central bank for lending money to the banking system in an economy, which influences greatly a vast number of macroeconomic variables. In the UK, the government set the policy targets, but the Bank of England and the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) are given authority and freedom to set interest rates, which is formally once every month. Contractionary monetary policy may be used to reduce price inflation by increasing the interest rate. Because banks have to pay more to borrow from the central bank they will increase the interest rates they charge their own customers for loans to recover the increased cost. Banks will also raise interest rates to encourage people to save more in bank deposit accounts so they can reduce their own borrowing from the central bank. As interest rates rise, consumers may save more and borrow less to spend on goods and services. Firms may also reduce the amount of money they borrow to invest in new equipment. A