Advantages And Disadvantages Of Melanoma

Have you ever felt the “false sense of security that [you] may not feel under direct sunlight” from a tanning bed (Jeffrey)? Your body relaxes, you feel serene, and you get a golden glow. Some teens strive for this feeling...and the tan. Tanning is the skin's response to injury, according to Arielle Kauvar, M. D. The exposure of UV rays over time can cause skin cancer. Skin cancer is the growth of abnormal growth of skin cells that forms in the tissue of the skin (Skin Cancer). Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, can come from UV rays. From 1998- 2008, the number of cases of Melanoma has increased by about

Tanning has become increasingly popular over years. The question is it beneficial or a bad business deal to start. The truth is tanning is convenient method utilized by many individuals to gain skin tone and color, builds self- esteem and promote relaxation. It can be beneficial in many aspects of our lives as well as an alternative to more harmful exposure but there are always risks at everything you do. Dermatologists today are against it for the simple fact that they believe it causes skin cancer. According to NCI (National Cancer Institute) exposure to UV radiation—whether from the sun or from artificial sources such as sunlamps utilized in tanning beds—increases of developing skin cancer. IRAC (International Agency for Research on

The sun contributes to different health conditions, in its own way. Nonmelanoma and melanoma are both a result of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Even though basking in the sun on a beach may seem fun and enjoyable, the excessive exposure to the sun can change the texture and look of the skin, resulting in skin damage. Cataracts, which are also caused by increased UV exposure, can cause an individual to lose their sight, if not treated. Increased heat can also cause dehydration. The immune system can be greatly affected by excessive sun exposure, affecting the body’s ability to fight infections.

While researching in depth Ocular Melanoma, there has been a consistent theme persisting there is not enough research done to find a way to decrease metastasis percentage and increase survival rate. The current attempts at decreasing metastasis and increasing survival rate have stayed the same throughout the course of 4 decades. The current drug, LS2616, is being used to treat Ocular Melanoma patients, but it is used to late to feel the full impact of the drug. Research and Development laboratories are working on a faster-acting drug, but nothing has been tested on mice or released to the public. If new drugs could be created, the survival rate of Ocular Melanoma would increase drastically.

One of the leading causes of death in the United States is cancer. Staggering cases have been reported yearly. There have been over 3.3 million diagnoses of Non Melanoma skin cancer. Currently, it is estimated that one out of every five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. People in the U.S. are diagnosed with skin cancer every day. The number of cases of skin cancer has increased steadily since the 1920s. Common types of skin cancer include: Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and Malignant Melanoma. It’s imperative to stay educated about our health and take preventive measures to decrease the chances of developing skin cancer.

Opdivo was approved previously to treat advanced melanoma among people who don 't respond to other medicines. ( 'FDA Expands Approved

Melanoma is a serious, and at times fatal, type of skin cancer that results from unrepaired and damaged DNA to the skin from intense exposure to ultraviolet rays. Subsequently, this damage to the DNA leads to mutations that result in unmonitored and unrestricted cell growth that creates malignant tumors. These tumors then transform normal and healthy melanocyte skin cells to melanoma cell and produce. While melanoma cells might appear benign at the early stages, as it eventually spreads throughout an individual’s body and onto lymph nodes it becomes invasive and fatal. Thus, to be able to catch melanoma at its early stages is a necessity to prevent invasive spreading throughout the body, allowing the patient to be treated quickly.

Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer, but it is as serious as most common skin cancer. Melanoma has many risk factors, including one of the most common one that should be avoided and that is the overexposure to the sun. Melanoma is caused by the pigment cells that eventually form into cancerous cells. Melanoma cancer is known to be dangerous because it spreads into the person’s body. Melanoma does not discriminate against skin types so anyone is prone to this particular cancer. Individuals who are at a higher risk are people who spends more time in the sun than they should.

Treatment with this drug has been shown to work already, and approval has been given for its use in combination with another drug, Ipilimumab (Yervoy), which has a similar effect to Opdivo, but by blocking another receptor called CTLA-4. Usually acting as an off switch, by hiding the protein, it further boosts the immune response, comparable to removing the brakes from the immune system. A randomised control trial involving 945 people with advanced skin melanoma was conducted by researchers from a number of international centres (such as The Royal Marsden Hospital and South West Wales Cancer Institution in Swansea) , investigated the potential for this drug combination. Each patient had late stage cancer that was inappropriate for surgical removal, and they all were placed randomly into one of three groups: one for each drug Ipilimumab and Nivolumab alone, and another for a combination. Treatment took place for a year, and assessed the ‘progression-free survival’ of each patient, meaning it looked at how long a patient lives without the disease causing further degeneration, or death. It was found that the average progression-free survival was noticeably greater for people taking both drugs, than either alone: 11.5 months compared to 2.9 months for Ipilimumab and 6.9 months for Nivolumab

The skin cancer is long term disease.it is most widely recognized of all diseases. The melanoma indicates under 2% of growing skin cases however there is huge greater part of skin cancer passings.the recent research the Cancer Society’s identified melanoma in the newzealands for 2015:

The melanoma cancer rates were obtained from the Cancer for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) online database “United States Cancer Statistics” for the year 2014. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 persons were obtained for 50 states. The rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. The cancer rates range between 12.6 (Texas) and 42.3 (Utah) with the mean of 22.84 and the median of 21.9.

IRAEs tend to follow a predictable pattern, with rashes and GI toxicity seen early and liver toxicity or endocrinopathies seen later in the treatment course. [13] Certain IRAEs appear to be specific to certain cancers, with pneumonitis being more prevalent in lung cancer patients and higher rates of vitiligo and colitis observed in melanoma patients receiving infusions immune check point inhibitors.[14] In general, anti-PD-1 antibodies, Nivolumab/Pembrolizumab, are more tolerable (10-15% rate of grade 3 [severe] and 4 [life-threatening] AEs) compared to Ipilimumab (20–30% rate of grade 3-4 AEs) and or combination PD-1 + CTLA-4 blockade therapy (55% rate of AEs).[14] Immune modulators (IMMs) are employed for high grade IRAEs and most patients achieve control with steroids or infliximab for steroid-refractory toxicity.[3] Fortunately, it has been shown that treating IRAEs with steroids/IMMs has yet to show any detrimental effect on the efficacy of immune check point therapy in terms of OS and

Skin cancers are one of the most common types of cancers, and this is because of our exposure to the sun. The sun emits UV (ultraviolet rays) that is harmful to our health. Continuous and excess exposure to the sun and other UV sources puts you at risk of skin cancer like Basal and Squama cell skin cancer, Melanoma skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, Lymphoma of the skin, and Kapsin Sarcoma.

Every hour at least one American will die of skin cancer caused by exposure to the sun. These statistics are alarming and most people are unaware that the sunshine that we all love so much is in fact a threat to our health and good looks. It is up to us to educate ourselves and our children on the harmful effects of sun exposure on the human body like premature aging, physical damage to the body, and cancerous diseases.

Unlike Gilead that has only one product in its Oncology line, Bristol-Myers Squibb presently have four different drugs namely: Erbitux –an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist for the treatment of Head & Neck cancer and Colorectal cancer,(2) Opdivo (nivolumab) for the treatment of unresectable or metastic melanoma and lungs cancer, (3) Syrcel( dasatinb) for the treatment of newly diagnosed adult with Philadelphia chromosome –positive (ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia and (4) Yervoy (ipilimumob) for the treatment of melanoma a type of skin cancer that spread and as such cannot be remove by surgery. Like Seattle Genetics, the company products use either Antibody-drug Conjugate (ADC) though in a different version by linking potent cytotoxic to monoclonal antibodies targeted to specific tumor cells or immune-oncology, an innovative technology that unlocks the body own immune system to fight against cancerous cells. It also expanded its focus to Nolch inhibitor (used in blocking powerful pathway that promotes tumor cell survival for certain other types of cancer. (Bristol-Myer Squibb, 2014) Because the technology is similar but used differently, BMS would be considered a close competitor who currently has the advantage of having four targeted specific drugs and 12 other oncology and immune-oncology in various trial phases.