Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microencapsulation

When formulated as modified release dosage forms, pellets are less susceptible to dose dumping than the reservoir-type single unit formulations.4 Micropellets technology delivers almost perfectly spherical particles exhibiting a very narrow particle size distribution and excellent flow properties and these are characterized by a smooth surface free of dust and thus provide optimal conditions for subsequent film coating. Controlled release pellets are manufactured either to deliver the bioactive agent at a specific site within the GIT or to sustain the action of drugs over an extended period of time. While these results have been traditionally achieved through the application of a functional coating material, at times the core pellets themselves have been modified to provide the desired effect. This further enhances the role of pellets in oral dosage form

Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,

Niosomally encapsulated diclofenac sodium exhibits greater anti-inflammation activity as compared to free drug. Niosomal formulation of flurbiprofen and nimesulide also showed greater anti-inflammation activity compared to unentrapped drug (9).

Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through which the drug could subsequently diffuse. The pore structure and polymer composition is controlled in order to design systems that release the drug at nearly any rate and for nearly

7. What is the reason for manufacturing a drug as an enteric-coated tablet? (2 points)

As we know the people with cancer have a very big challenge in every aspect mainly physiological and emotional, they are going through very difficult moments, the chemotherapy can be so long and painful, that’s why Scientifics look for a new method wherein the doctor apply microbubbles to improve the chemotherapy for that reason It’s necessary that the microbbuble technique be applied in patients to improve their health.

Some of the key characteristics of PLGA loaded NPs are as follows. NPs prepared with PLGA are known for high encapsulation efficiency but drug loading is comparatively low which might be a problem with certain drugs (Mirakabad et al. 2014). Delivery of a pH-sensitive drug might not be feasible as degradation of PLGA forms acids. In the case of oral PLGA NPs drug absorption takes place via M cells present on the Peyer’s patches and isolated follicles of GALT there by avoiding first pass metabolism (Jain et al. 2011). The surface charge of PLGA NPs is negative which may reduce the bioavailability as they repel GI mucosal membrane (Zhang et al.

Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that the orally administered nanoemulsions had a higher rate of absorption and the concentration of the drug in the brain and plasma was the highest. Formulation: The drug nanoemulsion was prepared by adding 50% of the drug solution (with dehydrated ethanol) to one ml of safflower oil and it was stirred for the oil drug mixture to distribute homogenously and for all the ethanol to evaporate. Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid.(40mg) make up the aqueous phase. Both the phases are heated at 70oc separately. The oil phase was slowly added to the aqueous phase and stirred well. The mixture was then sonicated (21% amplitude and 50%duty cycle). The mixture formed (drug containing nanoemulsion) was then filtered and stored at 4oc.Preparation of aqueous suspension was made using 3H Labeled drug and unlabeled drug in ethanol along with Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid. The suspension was sonicated in order to lessen the particle size [2]. An example is Saquinavir (anti-HIV inhibitor) showed enhanced oral absorption and increased concentration of drug in the brain when incorporated in a nanoemulsion

In order to substantially increase the oral bioavailability of the prohormones currently on the market, there must be some modifications to the actual structure and system of delivery. There are a couple of ways to do that, but no one has yet bothered:

Microspheres formulated using 0.1 M calcium chloride exhibited the highest drug loading at 14%, with 66.5% encapsulation efficiency. Less than 4% and 35% propranolol release occurred from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in 2 hours in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 90% of the drug load was released in increments of 5 hours and 7 hours from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Prior incubation of hydrated microspheres in SGF extended the time of release in SIF to 10 hours. Restricted propranolol release in SGF and complete extraction in SIF demonstrate the potential of alginate gel microspheres for oral delivery of

However, PPIs cannot be simply dropped into the stomach because they will not reach their target. They are prodrugs that are activated in the presence of an acidic environment. The drugs must be absorbed by the small intestine and reach the circulation via parietal cells and be exported to the canaliculi of the stomach so that the first nucleophile they see is the PPI. Enteric coatings or admixture with bicarbonate are ways to protect the prodrug from acid before they are systemically

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Patterson et al. used three poorly water soluble drugs (carbamazepine, dipyridamole and indomethacin) with a polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) at a 1:2 drug polymer ratio to prepare glass solutions of the drugs. The glass solution was referring to an amorphous solid in which the solute will disperse in the solid solvent on a molecular level. (Patterson et al., 2007).

high solubility in water, injection solutions, and blood substitutes; and storage and application light stability.(121)

For medicine research, we can use the technique of microdosing to give small, non harmful amounts to people and study the affects it has on the body. This is a more effective, cheaper and less time consuming way.