Advantages And Disadvantages Of Photodegradation

H2O2 is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide and it is a strong oxidizer and a naturally produced compound in humans as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Because of this, humans also produce the enzyme catalase peroxidases in order to convert small amounts of H2O2 into oxygen and water. It uses the following chemical formula:

peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme breaks H2O2 into water and oxygen. The production of the oxygen

“Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (McCance & Huether, pg. 7).

This is largely because they are relatively cheap and simple to manufacture. Furthermore, they produce vibrant shades of color and are reasonably soluble in water (Liu, Wan, Nan, n.d.). However, these dyes are now manufactured at such a large scale that they bring up numerous health and environmental concerns. In recent years azo dyes, especially Allura Red AC, have been connected to child hyperactivity, which also raises concerns over other potentially toxic effects they can have on living organisms (“FDA Probes Link”, 2011). This is only amplified by the fact that azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine are also especially recalcitrant to conventional methods of wastewater treatment. Research on this topic led me to an article on electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and their potential as a solution to mineralizing especially recalcitrant compounds in the environment, "Decontamination of Wastewaters Containing Synthetic Organic Dyes by Electrochemical Methods: A Review." This led me to pursue the investigation in my extended essay on the topic of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and the effect they have on azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine. In order to evaluate the effect of this process, I made the decision to do a comparison of the two dyes. This led me to the question, “How does the effect of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes vary between Allura Red AC and Azo

However, there exist a natural process occurs which converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas, thus preventing potential harm to the body. This reaction is illustrated by the equation

creates pollution in the making. Yet, solar panels are reusable and last very long, which could

The oxidation reaction completed in this experiment included the enzyme catalase breaking down hydrogen peroxide. The primary function of Catalase is to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. Methods/Materials

Hydrogen Peroxide, otherwise know as H₂O₂ is the simplest of all the peroxide chemicals known to man. Hydrogen Peroxide is base that is used in many reactions to create other more complex peroxides, it is used as an oxidizing reactant in these cases. It is created in 4 steps. Step 1, Palladium catalyses the reaction between H₂ and anthraquinone to create anthrahydroquinone (H₂Q):

All around the world, countries are fighting to keep their drinking water clean. Whether it’s streams, rivers, or lakes, countries have taken great measures to maintain high quality drinking water for both human consumption and animal consumption. Countries must first understand the sources of the polltion, then determine the best methods to eliminate the pollution. Clean drinking water is a valuable resource and a the key to human survival. Plants and animals also depend on water for their growth, so all water must be kept clean. The major contributors to water pollution can be classified in three categories, industrial, agricultural and municipal.

Catalase attempts to accelerate the deterioration of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen

In addition to the applications mentioned already, they can be utilized in a number of treatment strategies. For example, photocatalysis can be used for water disinfection to destroy humic substances, viruses and bacteria and even toxic chlorinated compounds. Heavy metals like Hg, Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Ni are removed from water using photocatalysis. Photodynamic therapy is another novelty in the field of photocatalysis. Radicals generated by illumination of light on TiO2 target cancer cells and destroy them2. It should be stated that further investigation is necessary in order to overcome some of the issues related to this

Michaela Foote & Nina Dimitrova Thursday 10:30-1:15pm October 23, 2014 Photosynthesis Lab Report Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the oxygen production of plants exposed to differing lights and was accomplished using the oxygen production protocol found on page 50 of the lab manual. This included plants exposed or not exposed to varying colors of light as well as a control exposed to light, but without plants present. While the experimenters’ results proved inconclusive due to limited or no oxygen production, class data determining light dependency showed that plants exposed to white light produced the most oxygen while those without any light produced slightly less. Additionally, although one hypothesis was that

Solar energy is trapped in the process of photosynthesis (6CO2 +6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2). The basic resources needed for this reaction in plants are water, carbon dioxide, light, and chloroplasts. The products for photosynthesis are carbohydrates and oxygen. Oxygen and carbohydrates are the reactants in cellular respiration in humans. The “photo” (light) part of the photosynthesis takes place in the hylakoid of the chloroplasts. The “synthesis” part of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma, the fluid within the chloroplasts that surround the thylakoids. In photosynthesis the final electron acceptor is NADP+ which is reduced to NADPH. NADP+ is an important part of the Hill Reaction and the experiment that was performed in lab (Stegengaga, 2015).

Light energy and water (H20) go into this reaction and the thylakoids produce oxygen. It also produces ATP and NADPH, which is used for the other reaction. The other reaction is called the Light-Independent reaction and it does not need light to work. Carbon dioxide (CO2) goes into the Calvin Cycle and it produces glucose (C6H12O6). It produces ADP+P and NADP+ to the Light-Dependent reaction to recharge them. When the ATP went into the Calvin Cycle, it lost a phosphate, becoming ADP, because that reaction required energy. When NADPH went into the Calvin Cycle, it lost a hydrogen. These reaction rely on eachother. The oxygen comes from the splitting of water. Lastly, the three factors that affect photosynthesis are temperature, carbon dioxide flow, and light intensity. While doing the Photosynthesis Webquest online, those were the three things you had to change on the computer in order strengthen the photosynthesis process in the plant. Photosynthesis helps answer the

The purpose of this report is to propose a solution to the problem of reduced drinking water quality due to chemical pollution. Some bodies of water in the United States are becoming polluted from chemicals and restrictions are needed to protect drinking water quality.