Advantages And Disadvantages Of Pickering Emulsion

Density describes a substance and doesn't involve a chemical reaction to take place between the water and the oil. No new materials or substances are formed.

I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.

The purpose of this experiment was to see if a penny could hold more drops of salt water or tap water. It was found that a penny could hold an average of 22.3 drops of tap water and only 20.8 drops of salt water. These results are consistent with the hypothesis: If the salt concentration of water impacts the amount of water a penny holds, then the penny will hold less drops with salt water. While dropping the water onto the penny, it was observed that the water formed into a dome-like shape on the penny. It looked like the individual drops of water turned into one large drop of water. This was observed for both the tap and salt water. This happened due to the cohesion and surface tension of water. Cohesion simply means that water molecules are attracted to each other and want to cling together. Surface tension is the special term that is applied to the cohesion of water molecules.

6. The solubility of the solids were tested using a micro tray, by placing them in water and oil to observe their polarity,

Hypothesis: If 3 drops of soap fit on the penny and 9 drops of water fit on the penny, then the cohesion is water molecules are attracted to other water molecules. Surface tension is the name we give to the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water. Independent Variable: This is the one you're changing in the experiment, so it's the type of solution that you're dropping on the penny.

IV) Part C Results: 1) Complete the following table by rating each pair of liquids as either miscible or immiscible. (2 Points)

I mixed oil in the water, the oil then started to settle at the top of the water. (oil is not a soluble)

When you pour oil into the water the oil separates from the water as bubbles and floats to the top and looks like a film on top of the water.

In the article, they came up with the idea of gelling agents which is a chemical used to solidify any kind of spilled oil, making it easier to collect. Using the motion of the waves and sea, the gelling agent turns the oil into a rubbery material that can be easily removed from the water with nets, vacuuming, suction, devices or skimmers. This method helps clean the water without taking a lot of the water with it since when it solidifies you just pull out the chunks of oil instead of taking a lot water with it like if you were to try the hay or fleece

In terms of bonding, the oil was dissolved into the cup and the blackened because it had an attraction and bond which was a London dispersion force in the intermolecular forces.

The eluting solvent passed down the column by the gravity and an equilibrium was established between the solute absorbed by the absorbent (silica gel in this experiment) and the eluting solving flowing down. Since the components in the sample had different polarity and they interacted with the stationary phase and the mobile phase differently, the components would be carried by the solvent to a different extent and a separation of the components could be achieved.

Oils are made of very fine, small atoms that can easily slip past each other

As the solvent moves past the spotted mixture, two opposing forces created by the solvent and the adsorbent influence the mixture. Each component can either dissolve in the mobile solvent or remain adsorbed to the stationary adsorbent. This process generates an equilibrium, as some components are adsorbed and others are dissolved and transported with the solvent until they are readsorbed further along the plate. The different tendencies of each component to comply with the subjected forces may result in a successfully separated mixture on the plate.

As mentioned in the discussion, olive oil, vegetable oil, crisco, and lard were soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents. This is due to the chemical composition of polar and nonpolar substances which results from the molecular shape as well as properties of dissolving solutes in solution. Polar substances are hydrophilic and contain polar Van Der Waals interactions (intermolecular forces) such as dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding. Nonpolar substances are hydrophobic and contain non-polar Van Der Waals interactions. ‘Like dissolve like’ is the reason only polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and why nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Molecules with similar polarity have similar intermolecular forces and therefore, can interact with each, or in this case dissolve9. Additionally, the solubility of a compound is determined by the length of the hydrocarbon chain. Long hydrocarbon chains such as the one found in oleic acid makes a compound more insoluble10. Therefore, since the lipids used in this experiment were hydrophobic substances and each lipid has long hydrocarbon chains, the results were consistent with the scientific literature and principles.

In wastewater treatment, coagulation and flocculation are employed to separate suspended solids from water. Although the terms coagulation and flocculation are often used the single term "flocculation" is used to describe both; they are, in fact, two distinct processes. Finely dispersed solids (colloids) suspended in wastewaters are stabilized by negative electric charges on their surfaces, causing them to repel each other.