b) Counter Flow
In a counter flow heat exchanger the two fluids flow parallel to each other but in opposite directions. The counter-flow heat exchanger provides the most thermally effective arrangement for recovery of heat or cold from process streams. A counter flow arrangement is thermodynamically superior to any other flow arrangement. It is the most efficient flow arrangement, producing the highest temperature change in each fluid compared to any other two-fluid arrangement for a given overall thermal conductance (UA), fluid flow rates and fluid inlet temperatures. Cryogenic refrigeration and liquefaction equipment use this geometry almost exclusively. But this type of heat exchangers demands proper design because of the complex geometry
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b) Difficulty in cleaning of passages, which limits its application to clean and relatively non-corrosive fluids.
c) Difficulty of repair in case of failure or leakage between passages.
1.6 Applications The plate-fin heat exchanger is suitable for use over a wide range of temperatures and pressures for gas-gas, gas-liquid and multi-phase duties. They are used in a variety of applications. They are mainly employed in the field of cryogenics for cryogenic separation and liquefaction of air, natural gas processing and liquefaction, production of petrochemicals and large refrigeration systems. The exchangers that are used for cryogenic air separation and LPG fractionation are the largest and most complex units of the plate fin type and a single unit could be of several meters in length. Brazed aluminum plate fin exchangers are widely used in the aerospace industries because of their low weight to volume ratio and compactness. They are being used mainly in environment control system of the aircraft, avionics and hydraulic oil cooling and fuel heating. Making heat exchangers as compact as possible has been an everlasting demand in automobile and air conditioning industries as both are space conscious. In the automobile sector they are used for making the radiators. The other miscellaneous applications
There are three types of aftercoolers. The first is an Air-to Air Aftercooler (ATAAC). With the air-to-air system, a separate cooler core is placed in front of the engine. The engine fan then passed outside air across the cooler. The outside air is much colder than the compressed air in the cooler. This difference causes the compressed air to drop in temperature by losing its heat to the outside air. This method is very common on most on-highway trucks since they have access to a large volume of fresh cool air.
As well as preventing invasion by certain micro- organisms, chemical substances and allergens carried out by the specialized components mentioned before.
Another assumption we used was amid the calculation of the current pipeline amongst D and E. It was demonstrated that there was a prerequisite to convey an extra stream, and accordingly a new pipeline (looped) was required. A diameter was to be assumed for the new parallel pipeline. After two unsuccessful attempts with diameters of 0.3 m and 0.35 m, our third diameter of 0.38 m, successfully carried the additional flow rate of
because its a sticky, gooey, liquid which is collected in pipes (Gwinn. 764). They scrape it from
Radiators remove the heat from the water and through it in the outlet air, which lead to cooling the water which also lead to cooling the engine. Radiators not only used for cooling engine, it also used for cooling air conditioner, oil of the power steering and also the automatic transmission oil. Radiators are placed in a position which can take the most air flow from forward moving. In most cars radiator is placed behind the grill. It doesn’t matter if the car is rear engine or med-engine the radiator will placed behind the front grill to take most sufficient of
Alfa Laval AC brazed plate heat exchangers offer efficient heat transfer with a small footmark. They are definitely designed to work in air conditioning and refrigeration applications as evaporators and condensers in chillers and heat pumps. It can have used for many applications such as evaporator, condenser and cascade systems.
These organisms are attracted to solid, moistened surfaces. Biofilm contains a protective polysaccharide insoluble slime layer which defends it from dying. The majority of microorganisms are from main source water. For example, water coming from tap, distilled, or sterile. These waterborne pathogens, such as, Legionella, Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been linked with hospital contaminations as well as immunocompromised patients (Fotedar & Ganju, 2014). Dental units and equipment incorporate water systems to deliver water which acts as a coolant and also maintain moisture on teeth during dental procedure treatments. Narrow bore plastic or polyurethane tubing, stated as dental unit waterlines (DUWL), is the means by way water is supplied to these instruments. This tubing is approximately 1/16th inch or 2 millimeters in diameter. Water from city sources travels through roughly a 10-inch-wide channel, then to the dental office ½ inch plumbing, and lastly to the dental unit water lines of just 1/16th inch (Slonczewski, 2012). As the water approaches the DUWL, the flow greatly decreases. The amount of water stagnation because of this tight constriction as well as offices being closed over weekends encourages microbial
Potential Problems that may occur in the respiratory system- A common problem in the respiratory system is asthma. ( A serious condition that can cause small passageways in the respiratory system to become
Consider the heat-engine-refrigerator combination shown in figure below left, operating between the same two reservoirs.
The analogy I intend to use is the obstruction of the flow of water in a garden hose. This will aid the student’s understanding of what happens when excessive buildup of fluids occurs in the interstitial compartment of the body. This can be used to explain this process because when water does not flow easily through a garden hose it increases in size and does not work the original way. The exact thing happens when excessive buildup occurs.
Madi King & Beth Braswell December 16, 2015 ICE CREAM THERMODYNAMICS LAB Introduction- The purpose of this lab was to determine how to lower the freezing point of water in order to freeze an ice cream mixture. In ice cream making removing 1000 calories of heat from a milk/sugar mixture is removed and is then transferred to the salt/ice mixture. Energy is conserved and this meets the requirements for the first law. Heat is always moving from the hotter object to the cooler one.
“… A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. …”
(mean temperature 19.43°C) was also run simultaneously. The heat-treatment units were filled with clean and aerated
This is the most common yet simplest issue that arise. Low or no fluid can cause all the major issues
After solving for both sides of the energy balance, the lowest heat transfer rate is taken to be the actual heat transfer value [1]. To analyze the accuracy of the theoretical energy balance to the actual heat exchanged, the percent closure can be found using, % Closure=Q_out/Q_in *100% (7) where Q_out is the energy leaving the system and Q_in is the energy entering the system. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for the shell-and-tube exchanger and the area of the double pipe heat exchangers, the Log Mean Temperature Difference Method, LMTD, can be used.