Generally, the production process is the process of altering raw materials into the desired products using a specified manufacturing system. Often, manufacturing systems are complex; they composed of wide number of components. In order to produce the specified product on the desired time with cost effective manners, these manufacturing systems should be managed effectively. Production planning can be considered as one of the most important functions in manufacturing. Manufacturing planning is often conducted over a specified period of time. It aims to effectively distribute production resources to different production activities, in order to achieve high levels of customer satisfaction. As it well known, the production planning gathers three …show more content…
The workforce working capacity can be varied relying on the number of worked hours per day, week, while keeping a constant amount per year. This strategy is known as flexible working hours. In which the number of working hours per day can be varied over minimum and maximum number of hours. Overtime can be considered when the number of working hours per day is greater than a specified amount. Overtime can be adopted during high demand periods and relaxed during low demand periods. From the economic point of view, adopting over time imposes extra costs, often overtime hourly rate is 1.25 from standard hourly rate. The working law imposes many restrictions on the number of hours worked by day or week.
Subcontracting
Subcontracting means outsourcing of some parts from outside partner in order to overcame the shortage of resources especially equipments. Subcontracting strategy permits firms to increase their manufacturing capability while keeping a suitable capital invested. However, subcontracting has many several drawbacks. It imposes more costs. It affects the development of firms’ core competences. It is hard to have perfect suppliers who satisfy the required specifications and quality levels and deliver items on the agreed due dates.
Part-time
The Inputs are goods and commodities are received from suppliers and received 24 hours a day.
If the workplace of today could be characterized by a single theme, it would most likely focus on the continual presence of change. Dramatic changes in technology, the marketplace and the workforce have compelled organizations to re-evaluate not only the competitiveness of their products, but also the core ways in which work is performed. It is out of this pursuit for continued survival that organizations have been faced with the notion of varying work-schedules beyond the traditional hours of nine to five. This paper will explore the societal and business changes that have led to a proliferation in flexible work patterns. This paper will also address the benefits and disadvantages of flexible work patterns for
The timing of capacity changes also needs to be taken into consideration to achieve maximum efficenty given that demands of their products varies with seasonal changes. The ability to react to market demand changes quickly will determine manufacturers flexibility in keeping up with these demands. Manufacturers needs facilities to produce, whether warehouses to store its raw materials or finished goods, or manufacturing plants to produce their products. Services facilities are needed by certain manufacturing industries such as consumer electronics to cater for returns. Distribution centres also determine the efficenty of production distribution and un-nesessary inventory holding will result in higher holding cost. Such facilities require large investments and are integral of the manufacturer’s supply chain strategy and thus proper planning is needed when making these decisions regardong the size, location which affect the overall operations. How manufacturers run their productions also determine how successful will they be in terms of productivity and quality levels. Different types of equipment and processes also affect the cost and output of the manufacturing plant. Information systems that flow both upstream and downstream affects the forecasting, planning, inventory and production levels, they must be robust to ensure the manufacturing firm is able to react accordingly to changing demands and variations. In addition to their internal environment,
The existing production schedule will be maximized with the use of a Materials Requirement Planning System. “To determine an acceptable feasible schedule to be released to the shop, trial master production schedules are run through the MRP program. The resulting planned
While smaller businesses operating on tighter budgets may find it expensive to pay overtime, the bigger companies with few employees on the managerial positions are capable of paying for overtime for the employees whose category will fall below the minimum exempt. Furthermore, all the options available for employers to handle the proposed rule should it come into effect will still benefit the American worker. One remedy is to follow the law and raise the annual salaries of employees who are overtime-exempt which will motivate workers who are already earning a salary close to that minimum (Rossheim, 2016). The second option is to re-classify workers as no-exempt, a move that would see the workers who are earning below the proposed exempt minimum qualify for overtime pay or reduce the workload for employees so that they only work for 40 hours in a week (Rossheim, 2016). The last option would be to hire more workers and avoid paying overtime which is a good move in providing employment for the unemployed. It is evident that the options available for employers would work towards improving employees’ welfare as well as saving the organization from the challenges of low remuneration.
This paper will elaborate the Department of Defense subcontracting plan programs, Acts, and policies that are in effect. Furthermore, will detail the type of subcontracting plans, when they apply, procedures, and routing given by the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Following will explain how subcontracting plans are utilized in source selections, the economic impacts subcontracting has on small businesses, and how subcontracting plans are managed.
In today’s operational management arena, there are certain expectations from a managerial aspect that must be met in order to be successful. A comprehensive look at the Space Age Furniture Company will show exactly what the Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) calculations are for this company at present time and then take the information given in order to properly suggest ways to improve the sub-assemblies. In addition, there will be an analysis on the trade-offs between the overtime and inventory costs. A calculation will be made on the new MRP that will improve the base MRP. This paper will also compare and contrast the types of production processing to include the job shop, batch, repetitive, or continuous, and determine which
It is quite challenging to discuss about procurement management without stating the importance of its strategies. There are four main basic procurement strategies that serve different functions within a procurement management. To begin with, a “Partnership” strategy focuses mainly on constructing mutual commitment in long term relationship with suppliers. While a “Secure Supply” strategy aims to secure short and long term supply while reducing risk from suppliers. In addition, a “Category Management and E-Procurement solutions” serves as a tool to reduce logistic complexity, improve operational efficiency, and attempts to reduce the number of suppliers. Lastly, a “Competive Bidding” strategy emphasizes on obtaining the “Best Deal” for short term transactions with suppliers.(van weele) Each of these four strategies involves a unique purchasing methodology, which implies that the complexity is embedded in an individual strategic implication. Therefore, it requires different tools to accomplish the specific strategical characteristics. A business entity may need to support and execute procurement decisions with other strategic apparatus with analytical methods, including market analysis, uncertainty analysis, price forecasting, supplier relationship and along with others.(Harvard)
A worker’s working time, including overtime, shall not exceed an average of 48 hours for each seven days. It is currently possible for workers to sign a written agreement to opt out of the 48 hour weekly maximum. The agreement to opt out can be ended by the worker giving notice in writing. Under the Working Times Regulations 1998 the length of the notice required to opt out cannot be for a period of less than seven days or more than three months. Health and safety at work act 1974 also impacts on working time and breaks giving both parties time to recharge not being over tired. The employer has a more productive workforce if it they are not over worked.
In order to achieve excellent production capacity and reducing the overall costs the production manager has to find an optimal structure of aggregate planning which will help achieving qualitative and quantitative aspects of the organization.
Planning- the planning department translate the concepts into design and determines resources requirements, including raw material. Planning also projects sales and develops production plans for each product, timeframes for production runs and scheduling of production runs.
Production Strategies Make to Stock/Make to Order/Make to Forecast and the similarities/differences between them and push/pull strategies.
Each shift in each day, the productivity hours change according to the personals and seniors. In
Aggregate planning is the process of developing, analyzing, and maintaining a preliminary, approximate schedule of the overall operations of an organization. The aggregate plan generally contains targeted sales forecasts, production levels, inventory levels, and customer backlogs. This schedule is intended to satisfy the demand forecast at a minimum cost. Properly done,