Advantages And Disadvantages Of Public Services

M1: Explain the importance of public service skills using examples from at least two contrasting public services.

Mexico’s water supply has been dwindling since the 1980s, when Mexico’s population more than doubled. The current problem is that the water provided to the Mexican public is not clean, as 70% of Mexico’s water bodies are contaminated. The general population is forced to try and make do with the water that they are provided with or find a private supplier who might supply cleaner water at a much higher price. The government has gone on to propose that water distribution be moved to the private sector, since the reforms needed to fix the water infrastructure would be too much for the central government. This would potentially allow for cleaner and cheaper water that what is currently provided by the Mexican government. This reform has been attempted in countries across the world, with little prevail.

Under the NPM umbrella, public sector has also been experiencing a shift to greater competition. The need to remove monopoly of service delivery and create contestability, through privatization, public tendering, and term contracts, justifies the adoption of competition principle (Dunleavy 1994; Hood 1991). Insisting to do bureaucratic provision on public services instead of contracting them out, knowing that private sector can deliver them better, it is believed would only force governments to lose comparative advantages on price, efficiency, and effectiveness (Dunleavy 1994. p.49). This way, governments are able to fulfil their responsibility in providing services and the financing, while simultaneously stimulate greater competition among providers under market dynamics. However, it is hard to instigate public service ethos in private parties. Therefore, the capacity of private entities to act consistently with the public interest is greatly questioned in this scenario. Are concerns such as public health and safety, environment sustainability, and social equity likely to be sacrificed underneath market mechanisms? When power is shared with organizations which have business objectives apart from government’s goals, the fundamental issue is how to detect which missions they are carrying out. Many public services being delivered by third parties are targeted for vulnerable sections of the community which can pose a higher risk of potential abuse, neglect, exploitation, and

Using named examples, assess the contribution of large scale water management projects in increasing water security. 15 Water security means having access to sufficient, safe, clean and affordable water. Theoretically, the world’s poorer countries are the most water insecure, suffering from both physical and economic water scarcity. One solution to tackle water insecurity is through large scale water projects for example the Three Gorges project in China, the South-North transfer project also in China and the restoration of the Aral Sea. However there is much controversy over whether these schemes are actually sustainable and therefore beneficial in the long run. The Three Gorges da project in China blocks the Yangtze River; it cost $50

According to McHarg et al. eds. (2010), in the last three decades world governments used to shed the burden of capital investment, especially in sphere of water, through privatization in order to achieve more efficiency of water supplies. This approach was developed deeply in European countries such as England, which is already famous for it’s the most highly regulated water companies. This method also enables the company to concentrate on the service, management and funding of the service, whereas the local government provides water services in developing countries and cannot afford investments in large hydraulic infrastructure. Those are the “Third World” countries and the most of them are Asian. However, I want to make a significant accent on one of the industrious world’s empires – China.

water infrastructure deficit -- the money needed to restore aging and ailing water and sewage

It is essential for humans to drink water daily in order to live. Water should be a human right and not something to stress over. This is why I would fund the Cochabamba Water Collective (CWC) to assist them in sustaining water sources for everybody. Privatization and commodification of water is inhumane. Doing it on the account of human health is not the answer to the country’s economic issues. The CWC is aware of this and has crafted a water management plan to prevent it from happening. In addition of humans, economic development will also be benefitted from the plan of the CWC.

If this plan is accepted and approved by the board of directors, we will have another meeting soon to discuss and confirm further information about the investment. It is predicted that the plan can be initiated by January 2014. The full cost for this investments are assessed at USD $75 million as analysed in the following proposal.

The question that transcends the project is whether equity investors be sufficiently rewarded to justify there financing interests. The answer to this question is dependent

private sector will assume 90 percent of the total costs with funding through loans, equity

As water becomes a more scarce resource across the globe due to climate change, there are debates on whether water is a human right versus a commodity. A commodity, meaning a good, or service that needs to be bought in the capitalist economic system. Privatization is one way of attempting to solve the water crisis, which the U.N. has been dealing with since the 1990s. It is estimated that “40 % of the world’s citizens do not have dependable access to potable water supplies.” By opening the market for privatization of water allows companies to bring their technology and resources into areas that lack quality drinking water. Although there are many critiques of the corporations and the World Bank’s argument favoring privatization of water, which will be addressed later on.

This creation, depending peoples rebuttle and debate, can be a great source of saving money and helping the wolrd one step at a time. Now, that more and more reservoirs have been

In 1989 the water and sewage industry was privatized, and is now regulated by the Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat). However, private companies are responsible for providing services, treatment and the provision of water to the users. The Water Act 2003 ensures all companies comply with regulations and are cost-effective by offering a reasonable price of their products. As the demand of water is incredibly high the companies must be able to finance themselves and to properly achieve obligations (Water Act, 2003). They are constantly monitored and all their actions are recorded. The companies chosen for investment comparison are; United Utilities Group Plc (United Utilities) , Pennon Group Plc (Pennon Group) and Severn

Water is a human right, not a commodity. It is the essence of life, sustaining every living being on the planet. Without it we would have no plants, no animals, no people. However, while water consumption doubles every twenty years our water sources are being depleted, polluted and exploited by multinational corporations. Water privatization has been promoted by corporations and international lending institutions as the solution to the global water crises but the only one’s who benefit from water privatization are investors and international banks. The essential dilemma of privatization is that the profit interests of private water utilities ultimately jeopardizes the safeguarding of the human right to water. Access to clean, sufficient

While CRELUZ does generate a profit every year, members of the co-op decide how this revenue is spent. Most of the money is reinvested in new projects or main- tenance for existing ones. This reinvestment has a direct positive impact on the community members it serves and is a plausible model for future endeavors in providing ac- cessible, cheap hydroelectricity.