Advantages And Disadvantages Of Spectroscopy

The goal of this experiment is to study the most precise way of measuring molecular bond lengths and introduction to computational software used for studying molecular properties. This is of interest in that the instrument to being used, a Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, can measure the vibrational and rotational transitions of the fundamental and first overtone of CO. Through this experiment the objective is to collect data from the aforementioned instrument in order to determine vibrational and rotational spectroscopic constants and CO’s bond length, then to

We can use the small numbers to give information about the particles in the nucleus.

The main point of lecture was to continue discussing about the light spectra and atoms. Specifically, we used the equations and calculated a photon of light’s energy at a certain wavelength. Also, we discussed the light spectrum and how particular wavelengths of light are absorbed by matter.

To achieve this, the Heaven Lab uses computational chemistry and laser spectroscopy. For computational chemistry, they use ECP (Effective Core Potential) to correct the mass of the electron and the Darwin term for the actinide elements; following the theories of configuration interaction, density functional theory, and active space methods. Also, Thorium oxide (a specific actinide detectable through spectroscopy) has been tested using laser ablation of an actinide rod with Laser induced fluorescence, REMPI, PFI, PFI-ZEKE, and MCP. Ultimately, they have found that computational chemistry and laser spectroscopy are significant tools in identifying bonding properties of

Over the course of the last 5000 years, mankind’s knowledge has been constantly advancing. Chemistry, a branch of science, has experienced a tremendous leap and expansions since ancient Greek civilization. One of the major breakthroughs in the advancement in Chemistry was the creation of the Atomic theory, which laid a foundation for the modern-day Chemistry and future of science. The Atomic theory introduced the idea of atoms, which are defined as the discrete units of matter. There are five key scientists that significantly contributed to the Atomic model over a span of thousands of years. They are: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr.

Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry. 10th ed. 1221 Avenue of the Americans, New York: McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.

To fully comprehend the mechanism of the bleaching process, it is essential to know the structure of the blue food dye. For this experiment, the FD&C number of the blue food dye used is Blue 1, its structure is shown as below: It could be seen that the structure has a conjugated system, which is a system of connected p-orbitals. This means that the single and double bonds alternate throughout the entire system. No electron absorbs more energy than the other because the π-orbitals overlap effectively and all π-electrons in the system are distributed above and below the molecule. The electrons are delocalized in the line of the bonds, which enables the electrons to jump between energy levels.

The mass spectrum can also be used to determine the possibility of the presence of a bromine and chlorine atoms by looking for the presence of a M+2 peak. It was concluded that the unknown

Over the past millennia, our understanding of the atom has evolved through eager hypothesizing, numerous trials and startling discoveries. From the first atomic theories of the Democritus in Ancient Greece to the gold foil experiment that allowed Ernest Rutherford to discover the atomic nucleus in 1909, humanity has come far on the path to crack the mysteries of the atomic structure and the hidden secrets that lie within. However, it was only in the 1930s that the full basic structure of the atom was finally completed with the discovery of the neutrally charged particle known as the neutron.

Scientists are vital to the current state of the world. They make discoveries that contribute to the world of science that provide a base of knowledge for other scientists to develop and continue research for years and years to come. Some of the most important discoveries have been found in the field of chemistry, a fundamental branch of science that studies matter and all of its properties, composition, and activity along with organic and inorganic substances. Many scientists such as J.J. Thomson, Erwin Schrodinger, Arthur Holly Compton and Niels Bohr are crucial benefactors in chemistry. However, despite all the wonderful scientists that contributed research, Bohr discovered many important scientific discoveries that paved the way for future

The heavier elements in these groups are harder to research because of their limited availability and therefore are not studied as much as the lighter elements. However, it has been discovered for the heavier elements, relativity begins to stabilize the s and p orbitals while destabilizing the d and f orbitals, which can alter their properties. For an atom, the number of bonds it can make depends on the free valence electrons and the molecular orbitals. So far, a bond order of six has been the largest amount discovered for an atom and contains two sigma bonds, two pi bonds, and two delta bonds. This is true for most of the elements located in group six of the periodic table, tungsten (W) and the lighter elements chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo). However, the largest element in this group, seaborgium (Sg), has considerably different properties and a bond order of four. Researchers used the wave function and density functional theories to analyze the differences in properties of these group six

This experiment allowed me to study the spectra of several atoms, which includes hydrogen, mercury, helium, neon, and other light sources such as fluorescent bulb, incandescent bulb, and sunlight through the use of a spectrometer. In this particular experiment, electrons were constantly excited so they would move to higher energy levels, but then the electrons would move back to their original orbit because there is not enough energy to sustain the electrons at higher orbits. When the electrons return to their original orbits, the energy released is given off as visible light which is what we call a spectrum. This experiment is based off the theory that Neils Bohr explained through the use of physics and how positive and negative charges attract to each other, and how smaller objects revolve around something bigger because of gravitation pull. Using these pieces of information, Bohr

Hellwinkel, D. (1998). Die systematische Nomenklatur der Organischen Chemie (4th ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 45. ISBN 3-540-63221-2.

General Chemistry I: 1411 – 61500 Monday & Wednesday 6:00 – 8:50 P.M. Professor Shelia Fox Mountain View College December 2nd, 2015

2. Miller, F.; Wilkins, C. Infrared Spectra and Characteristic Frequencies of Inorganic Ions. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1952.