Advantages And Disadvantages Of Structural Structure System

High rise building because of its strength, light weight and the speed in which it can be constructed.

To start off I am somewhat confused on exactly what we are trying to accomplish, although I understand the basics in what we are doing in this paper. I would like to talk about and look up information on building large structures such as skyscrapers as well as complex buildings like the Darla Moore School of Business. How I plan to go about doing this is by showing you first what I already know about building structures that I have learned in previous building construction classes. I then plan on finding more information inside of The Carolina Rhetoric in order to better understand how you can come about constructing such a complex structure. There can be many problems that you face when trying to construct these buildings such as making sure

The wood makes it better and stronger when building these big buildings like the three story

As millions of people flooded into the nation’s cities, engineers and architects developed new approaches to housing and transporting such a large number of people. Demand raised the price of land, inducing owners to grow upward rather than outward.

Urbanization is a concept that is deeply rooted in the increase in a population within a region in response to the availability of unique opportunities. The opportunities may include the availability of employment chances in factories, investments opportunities in the urban areas, and the presence of sufficient housing and social infrastructure. It is apparent that urbanization began centuries ago in different regions of the world. However, the development of suburban areas has also been an interesting phenomenon over the centuries. Initially, people strived to live in the luxurious houses in major towns and cities. Nevertheless, there was a gradual shift in the desire to live in the cities when various negative impacts of overpopulation

We have already seen increase prices for properties in the inner city. As the prices continue to rise, this will make houses less and less affordable. Bernard Salt (2001), declare that this revival will only last another 10 to 15 years, after that the market demand will fade. More important even if the trend doesn’t change, it will mean that more high-medium density dwelling needs to be constructed to satisfy the demand. Consequently, this will threatens the available green space in the metropolitan area.

Since the early days, the men try overcome environmental challenges and, in this process, ends up creating amazing masterpieces of engineering. Among this works, the bridges appears as the clearest representatives of how the mankind could adapt to Earth’s contours. If the shape of landscape can’t be changed, the bridges are the solution to link two places and allows the connection of the traffic to improve aspects such as the communication and the trade. Depending to the need, to the sources and to the environment, the bridge can be constructed in a specific configuration. There are five main sorts of bridges configurations. First, there is the simplest bridge, the beam bridge. Second, the arch bridge, one of the oldest kind. There are the truss, composed of set of trellises. Lastly, there are the cable-stayed and

The improvement of the skyscraper structures starts from 10 floor stories to high as 150 floor stories high. The Reliance Building Chicago, USA, in 1895, 15 stories high used the semi-rigid steel frame. The semi-rigid steel frame was held together with steel beams and connected by rivets. (Bennett, P.42) The 60 stories high First Wisconsin Center, Milwaukee, USA in 1974 employed the steel belt truss with framed shear truss. This structure used the horizontal trusses at the upper and lower stories to enhance the framed shear truss. (Bennett, P.44) The Sears Tower, Chicago, USA, in 1974, 110 stories high used the Bundled tube. The bundled tubes were made up of a cluster of connected frame tubes, reinforced by steel beams at each story to increase the strength of the structure. Various tubes terminated at different level to further strengthen the bundled tubes at the center. (Bennett, P.44) The future structure was the Superframe, which can reaches at least 150 stories high. It used the concept of the Eiffel Tower with framed tubes connected by horizontal trusses. (Bennett, P.45) It was the innovation of the structural design that enables skyscrapers to reach new height. These methods include the use of

She submitted the thesis to her professor who informed LeMessurier of the discrepancies of the building design. A fatal flaw was discovered in the building design which was the skyscraper’s bolted joints. The joints were too weak to withstand 70-mile-per hour wind gusts, while on the other hand welded joints were able to withstand wind gusts. When calculating the buildings structure, LeMessurier calculated wind load perpendicular (north, east, south, or west) to building rather than quartering winds (northeast, northwest, southeast, or southwest). During construction, to minimize time and cost, bolted joints were used rather than welded joints which substantially weakened the buildings infrastructure. In order to fix the problem, Citicorp hired a crew of welders to fix the joints, resulting in 10 million dollars spent and taking roughly 8

Today, some building codes may require a more rigorous structural design methodology than is associated with conventional construction. This requirement may result from a need for better building performance when the structure is exposed to moderate-to-high wind, seismic, and snow loads. An example of published

This paper is written to compare and contrast urban redevelopment and housing in the U.S., Europe, and Asia in the post-WWII era. Being aware of the fact that housing was indeed an integral part of urban redevelopment in the postwar era, the following analysis of urban redevelopment will focus on the larger picture, while that of housing would pay more attention to the details. Specifically, for urban redevelopment, planning ideas and the level of inequality in different countries are examined, and with regard to housing, I would like to analyze their architectural features.

Trusses are triangular shaped support beams that attach point-side down to the roadbed of the bridge on either side. This structure distributes the force of the weights to the bridge. These bridges are a lot like beam bridges, but stronger and it is perfect for heavy loads and small distances. In addition, triangular trusses will work, but will drastically decrease the weight or load your bridge can hold. (To make your bridge even stronger, attach short pieces of spaghetti to the points of the trusses to make small triangles - trusses for the trusses.) Also, the triangular shape is the best method of construction than rectangular shape as there is no bending because the bridge is strong.

Although these problems were corrected and the idea of building a skyscraper became a feasible task, there were many conditions that had to be taken into account, that did not need consideration when building a structure less than 40 stories tall. Four story buildings are supported by their own walls; however a new method needed to be created for skyscrapers since the previous building method would not provide enough support. Metal skeletal frames made of columns and beams were then developed to provide the support and strength needed for the skyscrapers. As the buildings grew taller, their structural design was made lighter and stiffer. Also, as the buildings grew taller, wind became an important issue. Normally, the force that acts on the skyscraper pushes directly downward towards the ground that would then counter balance that push. However, when an additional force acts on it, such as wind, the forces would act differently on the skyscraper. With a lateral force acting on the building, the steel columns of the frame on the windy side would stretch apart slightly while the columns on the other side would compress. Therefore, the skeletal frame built had to be made so that the structure would be free to move slightly with the wind and, at the same time, remain sturdy.

Due to the design complexity of the Glasgow tower, construction could not start until a variety of wind tunnel test were completed. Mean hourly wind speeds along the river basin were used to measure the aerodynamic effects of the tower. Computational fluid dynamics programming was used to test the final design of the tower components. The project management team also did a good job in selecting the contractors from a pool over 70 international companies; the

Superstructure bears the load that is being passed over the bridge and it transmits the forces caused by the same to substructure. Load received from the decking is transferred on to the substructure by Bearings. They also distribute the load evenly over the substructure material as it may not have sufficient strength to bear the superstructure load directly. Piers and Abutments are the vertical substructures which transfer the load to the earth in the foundation. Wing walls and returns are constructed as the extension of