Advantages And Disadvantages Of Synthesis

Green nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary, rapidly spreading knowledge at the interface of chemistry, physics, agriculture, medical, engineering and biological science. Green nanotechnology makes use of the principles of Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Industrial Ecology to make nanoproducts without using the hazardous chemicals. Over the last few years an enhanced attention has been paid to the green chemistry processes, which helps to eliminate or minimize hazardous waste products to the mankind and his surroundings. Green Chemistry is the manipulation of sets of principles that helps to eliminate the reduction and assembly of harmful materials during the production and use of chemical products. Green chemistry is also known as ecological or clean chemistry because synthesis, handling and the use of chemicals that reduce risks to humanity and have a positive effect on the environment. It is a fast developing and a significant area of the chemical sciences. To justify the principles of green chemistry, numerous researches tried to eliminate the procedures of harmful chemicals and solvents by using natural material as an alternative of noxious substances (Pal

Some of the risks involving nanoparticles are as follows. Firstly, “studies have indicated that large quantities of nanoparticles can cause cellular damage in the lungs, with lung cells absorbing the particles and becoming damaged or undergoing genetic mutation.” (King, Jarvie, & Dobson, 2017) Secondly, relating to drug delivery systems, nanoparticles have toxic effects on

In this synthesis, the glycerol acts as the solvent for the synthesis reaction as well as the reducing agent and as stabilizers of the AuNP. Therefore, this work describes the self-assemblage of AuNP photochemically synthetized in glycerol on vesicles structures. After the optimization of some analytical features of the AuNP synthesis (irradiation time, HAuCl4 concentration), these AuNP were immobilized onto vesicles structures composed by the phospholipid DOPC (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). This nanosystem was characterized by using UV-VIS spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the vesicles were decorated with gold nanoparticle of (8 nm) with the advantage that the method is fast and reliable since no nanoparticle extraction is needed and can be used in immunoafinnity column and biosensor field.

The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that have been identified as important factors in uptake and toxicity include crystal structure, size, surface charge, surface energy, and chemical composition [14].

Gold has usually been regarded to be inactive as a catalyst. But gold in the form of nanoparticles shows excellent catalytic activity towards several chemical reactions (30). Nitro phenols are environmental poisons due to their toxicity (31) and inhibitory nature. In addition, Nitro phenols have highly solubility and stability in water (32). Due to this reason the reduction of 4-NP in to 4-AP is prominent. Sodium borohydride is a strong reducing agent, but, it has no ability to reduce the nitro phenol. NaBH4 is not effective in this reaction except provided with some catalyst to reduce the kinetic barrier of the reaction. A variety of catalysts were used in the past and, recently, pt (33), Ag (34) nanoparticles have been used for the same purpose.

Nanoparticles are being used in a diverse range of products for multiple applications which increases the chances to contaminate the environment. Nanomaterial can be released accidentally or intentionally. Being released to air, soil and water NPs pose threat as they are very small particles and can float into air or get transported to another place through water. Soil contamination leads to accumulation for long time and further pollutes ground water (Tripathi et al. 2012). Among the applications coatings, paints, and pigments are quite important and have the highest possibility of being released into soil and water. Electronics and optics signify a major application, and NPs used are more likely to be disposed in landfills. Nanoparticles

Furthermore, the principles and metrics of green chemistry were incorporated into the synthesis reaction through the use of the benign solvent, water. Through the use of the vacuum filtration and the recrystallization procedures, the product was further purified. Subsequently, the purity and identity of the product were evaluated through the analysis tool of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Ultimately, the efficiency and greenness of the reaction were measured through the calculation of the percent yield and the atom

Fabrication of nanomaterials with strict control over size, shape, and crystalline structure has become very important for the applications of nanotechnology in numerous fields including catalysis, medicine, and electronics. Synthesis methods for nanoparticles are typically grouped into two categories: “top-down” and “bottom-up” approach. The first involves the division of a massive solid into smaller and smaller portions, successively reaching to nanometer size. This approach may involve milling or

Nanoparticles (1 000 000 times smaller than a millimetre) are manifesting to be a great success in nanomedicine’s discovery of supplementary methods of fighting against superbugs. At the University of Colorado, researchers have utilized nanoscale quantum dots, which are “miniscule semiconductor particles with specific light-absorption properties, to kill drug-resistant superbugs without harming the surrounding healthy tissue,” (Nagpal, 2017: para. 2). Nanoscale quantum dots that are activated by a light source perturb the balance of chemical processes in threatening bacteria that would kill them.

Working with nanoparticles is critical due to its nanoscale; they should be handled carefully considering safety

Ricardo Morales on the synthesis and characterization of bimetallic magnetic nanoparticles for further application in cancer treatment, I gained the skill sets needed to come up with research ideas and implement them as well as how to resolve issues that arise within any research. My experience as a teaching assistant in organic and general chemistry at the University of La Verne Chemistry Department taught me the importance of lab safety and the joys of connecting what is learned in lecture to lab and helping students make that connection in a lab setting while creating a safe environment. My experience as an Academic Success Center tutor in chemistry course from general chemistry to advance organic chemistry taught me the joys of helping students to truly understand material and not memorize it but have that knowledge become a part of them that they can use whether in a research setting or to explain those concepts to their peers. These experiences in undergrad allowed me to determine that academia was the right fit for me; graduate school will give the skills needed to fulfill this

Antibiotic treatments have always found a threat in drug-resistant superbugs, like E. coli and Salmonella, which have evolved to make many of the antibiotics of our grandparents useless. But light-activated nanoparticles called quantum dots could boost antibiotic effectivity against such superbugs, according to new research from the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado. Some pathogens evolve their defenses faster than new antibiotics are developed as potential treatment, and the production of superbug killers cost the United States around $20 billion in direct healthcare costs, and another $35 billion in wasted labor in 2013.

Green chemistry is a concept that allows chemist to do experiments that are more environmentally friendly. In the formation of bromotoluene the solvents were not regenerated, as seen in process mass intensity (PMI) calculated was 314.27 indicating high waste due to low theoretical yield. The reaction did not follow principle 2, which is the regeneration of solvent indicates maximization the materials. In this experiment the waste product produced was N- succinimide, which is not a super toxic product indicating clean up is not harsh to the environment stated in principle 4. A catalyst was used in this experiment, which follows principle 9 of green chemistry stating a catalyst removes the use of large quantities of reagents to generate the reaction.

Background and Objective: the human activities generate a variety of contaminants. One of these contaminants is the pesticides which are used to exterminate the agricultural pest. Organophosphates are a class of pesticides which, were replaced with the organochlorines from a few decades ago, due to their less resistance. diazinon is one of Organophosphate insecticide which is classified as a relatively hazardous materials (Class II by the World Health Organization). Diazinon has many adverse effects such as disruption of the immune system (Immunotoxic), cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity. The insecticide is relatively soluble in water and the maximum remaining level in water is 1 mg/L. The release of diazinon into surface and groundwater resources is one of important worries. Several methods such as ultrasonic waves, biodegradation, optical degradation, ozonation, gamma rays, Fenton, UV / H2O2 and Photocatalytic degradation have been used to remove the diazinon. The complexity of the process, high cost and high consumption of chemicals are of the problems with these methods. Nano-photocatalytic methods are new developing methods to remove environmental pollutants. TiO2 has found more attention due to high photocatalytic activity, stability against the light corrosion, economic acceptability and lack of

In this experiment we synthesized luminol with the objective to demonstrate the process of using a stating material, converting it into a product and using it for a reaction. 5-nitro-2, 3-dihydrophthalazine-1, 4-dione was used as our starting material which then underwent through the process of refluxing and vacuuming to retrieve the luminol. In order to achieve chemilumenescence, two stock solute ions were made with sodium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide and hydrogen peroxide and mixed respectively in a dark room in order to observe an emitted blue light.