Advantages And Disadvantages Of Text Types

Within discourse communities, different genres of writings perform specific tasks in communicating vital information to the different members. The variation between discourse communities forces these genres to evolve in order to communicate the information most efficiently. All types of genres share general characteristics but the variation in the expression of those characteristics is what helps tailor the proximity of the author to the audience. Proximity is the “writer’s control of rhetorical features which display both authority as an expert and a personal position towards issues in an unfolding text” (Hyland 117). Proximity is how the writer appeals to the reader. It involves different elements, such as organization or word choice, working

Salman Rushdie once said, “The word 'translation' comes, etymologically, from the Latin [word] for 'bearing across'. Having been borne across the world, we are translated men. It is normally supposed that something always gets lost in translation; I cling, obstinately to the notion that something can also be gained.”

Analyzing Stylistic Choices helps you see the linguistic and rhetorical choices writers make to inform or convince readers.

or genre of the text and purpose (Hill, 2012, p. 87) this would help John in the role of text

Throughout my collaboration with the organization, I worked on producing an improved English translation of their official website. This has been the longest document I have ever worked on, totaling 31 pages and just over nine thousand words. While working on such a long document, I have noticed various important technical aspects about the process. I have learned that it can be difficult to maintain the consistency of terminology throughout the document, and that it is a good idea to go back through after completing all of the text and revise with an eye for consistency. I also learned that it is very important to revise in general, and to step back and take a break before doing so; when working in two languages at once, it is very easy to get caught up in the details of one or the other. There were many occasions when I was reading over what I had written earlier and I realized that sentence was obviously written in Spanish syntax even though it had English words. Finally, I learned that, even though translation is an individual process, it can be extremely helpful to collaborate with others and ask for a second opinion in order to produce the best possible

As a reader who lacks knowledge of any Spanish vocabulary, coming into contact with passages written in Spanish is confusing and uncomfortable. Without a Spanish tongue, it is quite difficult to process and truly understand Anzaldúa’s message, as this foreign tongue presents large stumbling blocks within the essay that direct my focus away from the purpose of the piece. Sentences containing long chains of Spanish words, such as “Even our own people, other Spanish speakers nos quieren poner candados en la boca,” and, “In the meantime, tenémos que hacer la lucha,” leave me hog-tied and unable to properly read and understand the text as I find myself lost in the foreign string of Spanish terms. However, when the English translation is presented along with the foreign terms, the passage flows smoothly since I’m able to understand the words and their proper meaning relative to the context of the text.

“The typology combines the one by the translation scholar Gideon Toury and the one by the cognitive linguist Zoltan Kövecses” (Schmidt, 2014, p.96). The model was classified into six types, referring to different methods of translating the subtitles with metaphor. “This typology was tested on a corpus of literary translations, and it proved to be adequate for the analysis of metaphor translation” (Schmidt, 2014, p.97). According to the terms and explanation from Schmidt’s theory, the types are defined as

There are many ways to read and get the main idea. Some people can understand their reading in any situations. There are different kinds of reading. It can help you read better or worst. Some people read better with printed text than on device. It’s because they can make any notes on the paper as they go along with the text and also highlight some important information and unfamiliar words. In this chapter it talk deeper about how the reader, writer, text, and medium can impact technology and rhetoric. There are four key elements of this chapter. They are reader, writer, text, and medium. Reader know what you are going to do and how you are going to upload it. What did your instructor say about the text? Do you have time to read actively or do you have test coming and you need to study for that. Reader have to do the best for her/him to understand the text. Writer have their own reason why they write.

Liuzza begins his article by telling the reader that when a person translates a novel, all their shortcomings and biases are put on public display. What gave him the most anxiety while translating, however, was the “vague thing usually called tone”.

Read a diverse range of texts, attending especially to relationships between assertion and evidence, to patterns of organization, to the interplay between verbal and nonverbal elements, and to how these features function for different audiences and situations

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

The language is a part of the culture and the carrier of the culture at the same time. The culture can not get away from the language. The language can not get away from the culture, either. It is impossible to study a foreign language text without considering the culture it embodied. Idiom is the essence and crystallization of a language and culture. It is the summary of life experiences of the people in a particular district. Usually, it is short but it can reflect the special features of a certain culture. Therefore, the accurate understanding of the English idiom does not only involve the phonetic conversion but also involve the western cultural conversion. It requires that the learner know the western culture background well.

There are two critical elements you must know when translation a document and they cannot be stated too many times:

“Translators have to prove to themselves as to others that they are in control of what they do, that they do not just translate well because they have a “flair” for translation, but rather because, like other professional, they have made a conscious effort to understand various aspects of their work.”

Daniel Gouadec (2002: 273) said in Translation as a Profession that "most translation problems and potential risks could be resolved by getting as much information as possible prior to a translation project". As to the translation project in this report, I made preparation in the following aspects: