Advantages And Disadvantages Of Vincristine

However, the majority of known anti-cancer drugs target normal cells as well. Methotrexate, formerly known as amethopterin, is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of some forms of cancer (Shacter and Law, 1956). It inhibits the function of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) by tightly binding to the enzyme. Following this slow interaction between methotrexate and DHFR, an enzyme-NADPH-inhibitor complex is formed (Stone et al., 1984). Therein, DHFR is rendered unable to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (Anderson, 2017). Tetrahydrofolate is an important methyl group shuttle in the de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and some amino acids (Barbara and Hiroshi, 2002). Therefore, eliminating it from cells is a good therapeutic strategy against cancer cells, as it would limit the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines (Lane and Fan, 2015). Inhibiting the function of DHFR by its competitive inhibitor methotrexate is one such good therapeutic strategy, as it would disable DHFR from converting dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate. However, some types of cancer cells had acquired some forms of resistance against methotrexate (Hans et al., 2011). Equally important, methotrexate should be administered in well established low doses, because it affects

Only one percent of the known plant and animal species have been examined for medicine potential, but 70% of the 3000 plant species identified as having anti-cancer qualities are found in South American rainforests and others worldwide. These various species aid the science world in a number of different ways:

No matter how amazing and advanced our technology is, we still can’t do some of the basic things that nature can for us. Research reveals that being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature, reduces stress, fear, anger and increases pleasant feelings (Turning to Nature for Inspiration). We are genetically programmed to find trees, plants, water, and other nature elements enthralling. We absorb the nature scenes and get distracted from our pain and discomfort (Turning to Nature for Inspiration). In the field of medicine, many of the lifesaving drugs have been made from plants. The rosy periwinkle is a five- petaled flower native to Madagascar and is a herbal medicine (Rosy periwinkle: A life saving plant). It is used in the treatment of the neck, head, and liver and has been

The Autumn Crocus, also known as meadow saffron, is not threatened and is sold as an ornamental plant since it has been cultivated in much of the world (Akram 2012). Although colchicine is typically used for treatment of gout and rheumatic complaints, there has been renewed interest in this medicine by many natural product researchers (Heran 2011). Further research of colchicine derived from the Autumn Crocus as a cancer fighting drug should be conducted due to ability to block cell

Evodiamine is a bioactive compound present in the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth [1]. Initially, it was identified as a vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) agonist, which possesses a property that can be utilized to modulate pain [2]. Up to data, three proteins are believed to be direct targets of evodiamine, including TRPV1, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and topoisomerases [3-5]. These proteins seem to be important in inflammation, cancer and other diseases. In fact, many other pharmacological properties of evodiamine have been uncovered, such as the anti-tumour, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities [6].

Vincristine is a cell-cycle specific chemotherapy drug that target the structural protein tubulin during mitosis in cell division. The anticancer property of vincristine is a result of its ability to inhibit cell division during early mitosis. The drug binds to tubulin monomers preventing the formation of spindle microtubules and therefore alter the microtubules structure and function resulting in chromosomes not separating. Vincristine stops the separation of the duplicated chromosome to form two daughter cells and hence prevent cell division (metaphase arrest).

The use of natural products as medicine has initiated the isolation of active compounds. The first commercial pure natural product introduced for therapeutic use is generally considered to be

2. Vinca alkaloid molecules bind to the tubulin, preventing its formation. Tubulin in cells is to make spindle fibers which are microtubules. These microtubules provide cells with both flexibility and structure so they are flexible enough to divide and copy. Without spindle fibers, cells cannot divide. The vinca alkaloids prevent cancer cells from dividing successfully.As hair follicle cells need to divide continually in order to produce new cell that form hair

The antioxidant and tumor inhibiting property of Brahmi were studied in 3- methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma rats (Rohini et al., 2004). The levels of the antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined in the liver and kidney tissues. Sarcoma induction in rats resulted in a marked increase in the rate of LPO and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme status. Furthermore, tumor markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, and sialic acid showed an upregulated expression in the serum. Brahmi supplementation enhanced the antioxidant enzyme status, reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation and downregulated tumor development markers. Among the five crude samples such as the whole plant of Bacopa monniera (L.)Wettst and four different fractions (petroleum ether, CHCl3, EtOAc, and n-BuOH fractions) of the methanol extract, n-BuOH fraction was noted to have the highest antitumor activity as per bioassay-guided methods conducted by Peng et al. The dammarane triterpene saponins isolated from n-BuOH fraction, bacopaside É (1) and bacopaside VII (3), had

In vitro: cis-trismethoxy Resveratrol at 0.3 microM could exert a 80% growth inhibition of human colon cancer Caco-2 cells and arrest growth completely at 0.4 microM. The cis conformation of cis-trismethoxy Resveratrol was also 100-fold more potent than the trans isomer. cis-trismethoxy Resveratrol was able to cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase transition and inhibit tubulin polymerization dose-dependently,

This particular plant contains at least 70 known alkaloids. Vincristine can be found in the sap of the Madagascar Periwinkle flower, which often has a milky appearance and is poisonous (Kumar, et al. 2013). The Madagascar Periwinkle produces Vincristine as a defense mechanism, due to its poisonous properties. The Madagascar Periwinkle flower most likely produces the poisonous chemical in order to keep harmful insects away, that could potentially threaten the life of the flower. The Vincristine chemical is more specifically found within the endophytic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, found within the Madagascar Periwinkle flower. A fungus called AA-CRL-6 can also be found within the endophytic fungi, and this fungus is what actually produces the Vincristine within the flower. Several techniques are used to get the Vincristine out of the flower for use, such as “cell culture, shoot culture, semi synthesis, and total synthesis” (Moudi, et al. 2013). But, the Madagascar Periwinkle doesn’t produce very much of the chemical, causing a limited amount to be available, which in return is not enough to meet the current demand for the anti-cancer drug. Due to this, there have been some inconclusive attempts to isolate the chemical and produce it more rapidly in order to meet demand (Kumar, et al. 2013). Vincristine is effective

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Aureus, S. Epidermis, B. Cereus, K. Rhizophila and C. Diphteriae and gram-negative S. Typhi, C. Fuendii, A. Hydrophila and P. Vulgaris. It also contain cytotoxic activity. Using brine shrimp lethality bioanalysis which is a well-accepted analysis for the primary screening of plant extracts methanolic extract of camias fruits and its different fractions were assessed for cytotoxic potential. Biologically active showed in methanolic extract and its four fractions are significant cytotoxic potential demonstrated. The LC50 values of crude methanolic extract, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride pet ether and aqueous soluble fractions of Camias fruits were found to be 0.005, 5.691, 1.198, 0.781, and 6.123 μg/ml, respectively. Therefore it concludes that the obtained tends to suggest that plant extract of Avrrhoa Bilimbi fruits may be candidate for anticancer therapy. In light of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the plant extract and its fractions possesses cytotoxic potential. Positive result of methanolic extracts and its different organic solvent soluble fractions led us to the inference that the plant extract may contain bioactive

Also, the isothiocyanates found in radishes have a major influence on the genetic pathways of cancerous cells. They change the pathways so much, that they can cause apoptosis, cell death, thus removing cancerous cells from

Many studies have been previously conducted to determine and estimate the presence of phytochemicals and alkaloids which are of medicinal importance and can be used for the development of drugs. Vasicine and vascinone are two major alkaloids extracted from this plant and have been used in many drugs, the most common drug being Vasaka. Vasaka is very effective in the treatment of bronchitis. Another drug, Bisolven, made using Vasaka as an ingredient is used to treat respiratory conditions as it is effective in clearing the mucous and opening