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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Z Waves

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Terahertz (THz) waves, or T-rays, refer to electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 0.1–10 THz. THz waves occupy the region between microwaves and the infrared, as shown in Figure 1.1. Until about two decades ago, when THz time-domain spectroscopy technique was invented, the THz spectrum had remained more or less unexplored and unutilized. However, the development of ultrafast lasers and derivative techniques such as photocon¬ductive switching and sampling and electro-optic generation and detection in the 1980s made it feasible to study the THz waves.
Fig. 1.1: Position of terahertz spectrum (1-10 THz). This range is also known as the far-infrared, or sub-millimeter range, and the lower limit is often extended down to 300 GHz (λ …show more content…

Investigating biological characteristics and dynamics using THz techniques has both advantages and disadvantages. One of the most important advantages is the low energy of THz waves, corresponding to a few meV, which is well below the ionization energies of atoms and molecules. This means that we can study materials with THz waves without disturbing the system under study, unless enough power is applied to cause a significant increase in temperature. The other major advantage is that the characteristic energy of the hydrogen bond, which is the most dominant bond in biological molecules, lies in the THz frequency range and, therefore, THz waves can directly detect spectral features such as resonances and motions of molecules. However, a serious disadvantage is the high absorption of THz waves by the water in which biological molecules reside. This water absorption can mask the characteristic features of samples, even though biological dynamics naturally occur in water. All of the above is some applications in THz region, for more details and applications see

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