Advantages And Objectives Of Bisoporolol

β receptor agonists are used in the treatment of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) to relax the muscles in the air passages in the lungs. Salbutamol is a selective β2 adrenergic agonist, although this selectivity is relative and dose-dependent. This means that the selectivity is lost at high concentration and thus causing side-effects.

The role of diuretics in heart failure is to reduce the fluid retention by diuresis (1). Patient should be monitored closely to prevent over diuresis that will subsequently lead to hypotension and renal impairment. Diuretic used is commonly associated with hypokalemia (1). Thus, additional potassium needs to be given concurrent to diuretic treatment (1). Patient’s daily weight must be recorded and aimed for reduction of body weight >4.5 kg in 5 days after treatment (7). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) is a first line agent in treating heart failure, especially when there is evidence of reduced in ejection fraction <40% as it improve survival rate of patient (1). Patient needs to be advised regarding side effects of the drug which are, dry cough, hypotension, renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia and angioedema. Antihypertensive agents that can be given in patient with heart failure are beta blocker, ACE-I and aldosterone antagonist. If the blood pressure is persistently high despite treatment with beta blocker, ACE-I and ARB, calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine can be added as this drugs has negative inotropic effect

Lisinopril medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which treats heart disease by causing vasodilation of the arteries and control extracellular volume (Amador, &

Tlacaelel was the original emperor of the Aztec empire. He brought the empire to its height of power during the 1400s. He rewrote Aztec history by burning old documents and putting emphasis on the idea that his people were the chosen of the gods. Pre-Aztec war, the Mexicas had always been war-driven people. Their god Huitzilopochtli, the sun god, was the god of war. Although, the Aztecs actually had many different gods as the years passed.

Beta-blockers have been recently reported to decrease mortality in heart failure patients. Mortality and hospitalization rates for patients with the disease are high and continue to rise. Despite the magnitude of the problem, treatment of congestive heart failure is often inadequate. Primary care physicians care for most patients with heart failure. Beta-blocker therapy is appropriate in patients with NYHA class II or class III symptoms resulting from left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Unless contraindicated, beta-blockers should be considered a mainstay of therapy in these patients to improve symptoms and mortality and to decrease hospitalizations. Beta-blockers should not be administered to patients with heart failure who have bradycardia, heart block or hemodynamic instability.

Varying patients may present to their clinician or the emergency department for treatment with heart failure. It is important to understand that there is more than one type of heart failure; primarily the focus is placed on diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. Depending upon the cause of heart failure and what areas are affected dictates the treatment plan needed. While there are similarities with both kinds of heart failure, there are also differences that can help the clinician distinguish the diagnosis needed to fit the patient. Once a diagnosis is made the clinician can move forward in determining if the patient is at risk for use of diuretics and then look towards prescribing ACEIs, ARBs, and beta-blockers.

Pharmacological treatments with diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or aldosterone antagonist, and beta-blockers are essential for the treatment of heart failure and are effective in improving symptoms of heart failure and patient well-being. Diuretics are administered to help get rid of the excess fluid that helps improve breathing associated with shortness of breath, at rest or on exertion. Diuretics provide relief from symptoms and signs of pulmonary and venous congestion by promotion of fluid loss through the kidneys. Diuretics, for example, Furosemide helps improve breathing status, but monitoring patients for dehydration and kidney problems is crucial. Patient education is essential to ensuring medication adherence and early identification of adverse effects and potential for drug interactions.

When beta-1 receptors are turned on it leads to elevated heart rate and increased contractual force. Beta-blockers are medications used in the treatment of high blood pressure.These medications inhibit the negative effects caused by the sympathetic nervous system on the heart muscle. They act by capping off beta-receptors, and thus inhibit the stimulating affects on the heart caused by adrenaline (Aschenbrenner & Venable, 2012). The medication in-effect lowers blood pressure, by decreasing contractual force on the myocardium and reducing heart beat (Mayo Clinic,

Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic triflourinated corticosteroid that possess anti-inflammatory properties (RxList). This corticosteroid targets cells and mediators involved in inflammation, having an anti-inflammatory effect on the airways (RxList). Salmeterol Xinafoate is a long acting- beta agonist (LABA), targets the beta2-adrenoceptors that are present in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles (RxList). By targeting the beta2-adrenoceptors, intracellular adenyl cyclase is stimulated, which will lead to the production of more cyclic AMP. An increased level of cyclic AMP then leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle of bronchioles

Metoprolol – This medication is used to lower your blood pressure so that your heart doesn't have to work so hard to push the blood in your body. You need to take this medication so that your heart failure does not become worse.

Mineralocorticoid/aldosterone receptor antagoists are the useally recommended in all heart failure patient with reduce left ventricular ejection fraction <35%. Precution should be taken before giving MRAs to the patient with reduce renal function (24). ACEi supress the secretion of adlosterone transiently. So, the treatment

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Are Substrates and Inhibitors; Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist called also sympathomimetic. It mimics the effect of sympathetic nervous systems.

Antihypertensives block nerve impulses that cause arteries to constrict; slow the heart rate, reducing its contractility; restrict the hormone aldosterone in the blood. The primary use of the drug is to reduce and control blood pressure. Lisinopril is a generic form of Zestril, and is a drug that is used to lower blood pressure. It is not catorgorized as a controlled substance.

Beta Blockers are known as a medicine that used to treat a person who has a blood pressure. By blocking the effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline, this drug can lower blood pressure, slow down the heart rate and lessen the force of the blood impelled in the body. While taking this drug, it requires to check the pulse daily and when it is slower than it was supposed to be, ask the doctor if the medication needs to take that day. Sometimes, the beta blocker doesn’t work right while the person is also using another drug. The person who is taking this medication should avoid caffeine and alcohol and for those whom this drug may not work with them are older people and people with asthma, for those who has a low blood pressure, and person who has

Captopril treats HBP and congestive heart failure “Captopril is an oral drug and a member of a class of drugs called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors” (Ogbru, 2014 ). “Administration of captopril results in a reduction of peripheral arterial resistance in hypertensive patients with either no change, or an increase, in cardiac output”