Advantages Of Drug Delivery System

Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,

The route of drug administration chosen might be dependent on a person's age because of its variants on the effects of the drugs used on them. For example, a child usually has a hard time swallowing pills so they instead would drink their medicine, it is one of those factors that would lead us to alternatives. It is the same for pregnant women and the elderly that have different effects on them, so they would have different routes of drugs.

Niosomes can alter the metabolism; prolong circulation and half life of the drug, thus decrease the side effects of antineoplastic drugs. Niosomally entrapped methotrexate and doxorubicin showed beneficial effects over the free drug, such as decreased rate of proliferation of the tumor and higher plasma levels accompanied by slower elimination (9).

The nasal route has been extensively used for topical treatments in the past, for example, in the treatment of rhinitis with antihistamines. However, due to the appealing drug absorption potential of the nasal mucosa, intranasal administration for the systemic delivery of drugs has grown in popularity, allowing it to be considered as an alternative parenteral route of administration 11. The nasal mucosa consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelium that lies on top of a highly vascularised basement membrane. The columnar cell surface possesses microvilli which extensively aid systemic absorption through a greatly increased surface area 5. The highly vascularised mucosa plays a significant role in systemic absorption as blood flow, and subsequently the concentration gradient across the membrane, has a major influence in the absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation 1. These anatomical aspects, coupled with the nasal cavity’s thin and porous endothelial membrane provide an attractive option for a range of therapeutic applications 5. An example of such an application is the administration of fentanyl. Nasal delivery of fentanyl exhibits a rapid onset of action due to the advantageous nasal anatomy and provides a Tmax of approximately 7 minutes, a

Buccal Route- The purpose of Buccal Route is that it comes in different forms Examples: Tablets, Capsules, Lozenges, and Troches. It is placed between the cheek and gum which allows a slow release. Some advantages are that it is a good blood supply. Some disadvantages are that it has a nasty taste. You can not swallow this form of medication. It is inconvenient. You can only have small doses, and you have to hold the dose in the

A series of studies was conducted by Kharitonov V ed al to evaluate the compatibility of liposome bupivacaine with diluents, implanted materials, and other drugs likely to be encountered in the surgical settings in which it is used. Liposome bupivacaine demonstrated compatibility with diluents as normal saline, lactated Ringer's solution and with implanted

Some of the key characteristics of PLGA loaded NPs are as follows. NPs prepared with PLGA are known for high encapsulation efficiency but drug loading is comparatively low which might be a problem with certain drugs (Mirakabad et al. 2014). Delivery of a pH-sensitive drug might not be feasible as degradation of PLGA forms acids. In the case of oral PLGA NPs drug absorption takes place via M cells present on the Peyer’s patches and isolated follicles of GALT there by avoiding first pass metabolism (Jain et al. 2011). The surface charge of PLGA NPs is negative which may reduce the bioavailability as they repel GI mucosal membrane (Zhang et al.

The main areas of concern are in the mouth and oropharynx. Previous studies with a radiotracer estimate 70-80% of the formulation is deposited in the mouth and oropharynx [6]. The main reason for deposition in the mouth and oropharynx is inertial impaction, which is proportional to the droplet’s ability to travel around a bend. This is determined by whether or not its forward motion is arrested by the change in flow direction before impaction takes place. For good lung deposition the drug particles must be between 2-5µm

Transdermal Patches ensure simple, painless procedure of drug usage even in patients with needle phobia. they are on par with sustainable plasma levels comparable with that of oral medication. With the local drug delivery method, hepatic first pass metabolism is bypassed. Offering increased flexibility in placing and removing the transdermal patch better patient compliance is achieved.7,8

Microspheres formulated using 0.1 M calcium chloride exhibited the highest drug loading at 14%, with 66.5% encapsulation efficiency. Less than 4% and 35% propranolol release occurred from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in 2 hours in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 90% of the drug load was released in increments of 5 hours and 7 hours from hydrated and dried microspheres, respectively, in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Prior incubation of hydrated microspheres in SGF extended the time of release in SIF to 10 hours. Restricted propranolol release in SGF and complete extraction in SIF demonstrate the potential of alginate gel microspheres for oral delivery of

“There are four principal routes through which drugs can be delivered into the body: oral administration, injection, inhalation, and absorption through the skin or membranes” (Levinthal,2012). Consequently, the goal is for drugs to be captivated into the bloodstream. Nevertheless, three ways drugs can be administered into the body would be oral administration, intravenous injection, and inhalation. Conversely, oral administration examples would include pills, marijuana baked in food, methamphetamine, and PCP. Whereas, the advantages would be that taking drugs orally has a slow absorption time frame. And the disadvantages would include no immediate consequence. Nevertheless, intravenous injection examples would include method by needle given to the body in the vein.

I think with the automation dispensing unit has both pros and cons. The pros of this system include better workflow, low costs, improve patient care, save time, enhance safety, and increase accuracy. The workflow will be better because it is a consistency and no rushing to have to get things done in a timely manner. The costs will be low because it’s less of a hassle to ensure the safety of dispensing medicine. Patient care will improve as well because the accuracy 0f the appropriate medicine to be dispense will improve the care shown to patients. Safety will be enhanced because there is less risk of contamination and exposure to medications. The automated dispensing machine will be doing all the work. The cons of this machine include less

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that bind to specific sugar residues and therefore, it can interact with the glycoconjugates including those present on cell surfaces or the mucins in the salivary pellicle. Lectins originates from Triticum vulgaris have been shown to strongly bind to the buccal mucosal cells in vitro and was still detected at similar levels after 2 h (Smart et al. 2002). Another approach to improve the buccal permeation of liquid dosage forms by incorporating iontophoretic techniques, which are well known for the delivery of drugs through skin, but have also been investigated for drug delivery across the buccal mucosa. Campisi et al. (2010) demonstrated that the delivery of naltrexone via iontophoresis showed higher plasma

This means that the blood does not drain into the hepatic portal vein and instead it is returned to the vena cava which then enters the systemic circulation [10]. So, most of the drugs absorbed here avoids the first pass metabolism in the liver. However, a small percentage of the drug can be absorbed and transported into the hepatic portal vein for metabolism [8]. This means there is an increase in bioavailability in drugs absorbed in the lower rectum compared to the upper rectum. For this reason, a lower dose of drug can be used when formulating a suppository. This will be beneficial as there will be reduced costs for the manufacturer as well as the medicine and also less side effects for the patient which will result in better

- Topical corticosteroids 0.8 mg of mometasone (furoate) dissolved in half glass of water and used as mouth rinse.