Advantages Of Swidden Agrculture

In Malaysia, agriculture remains an important sector and it plays role as food providers, create employments and generate earnings from export products. The development of the agricultural sector is generally governed by a comprehensive and market driven agricultural policies. The agricultural policies were formulated and have enabled the agricultural sector to grow sustainably and also contributed to economy development in Malaysia. The agricultural policy set the direction for the agricultural sector. As a result, this sector has been transformed from a conventional and passive sector that focused on single commodity to a dynamic, diversified and modern sector.

The manipulation of the land for fast production ruins its overall health. The modern technology and advances of equipment provide farmers more efficient ways to farm. In

The article explains several ways agnostids may have lived and provides three reasons of support, the professor explains that claims made by the article have serious weaknesses and refuses each point made by the passage.

During this time the way people farmed was also being changed. New and efficient ways of farming were invented and introduced to other people. For centuries people had used the technique of strip-farming, which is a different kind of technique which is when farmers bought many scattered strips of land. Landowners came up with the idea to combine the strips into large fields called enclosures. This change of farming meant that they spent less time working that land, and they could collect much more money than they earned

crop rotations, and various tools made to make farming more efficient in England and Netherlands but spread to the rest of Europe as well after the success of these inventions led to more food and less disease. First, an enclosure is a private plot of land owned by the landlord who hires landless workers to tend to the crops and animals on the land. This system is considered an improvement compared to the open field system because it allows the idea of crop rotation to take place. Crop rotations was the planting of different crops over different cycles to maintain the nitrogen and other minerals

In chapter 14 of Visualizing Environmental Science, Berg begins by defining undernutrition and over nutrition and the problem with the world and the food problems. Then continues to discuss the principal type of agriculture. Such as Industrialized agriculture and subsistence agriculture. There are also three types of subsistence agriculture, which are shifting cultivation, nomadic herding and intercropping. Berg also mentions the challenges of agriculture and the solution to the agricultural problems. Some of the solution are sustainable agriculture and genetic engineering. Lastly, this chapter discusses the controlling of agricultural pests and the definition of pests. Pesticide also can lead to several problem.

A whole new economic activity has now emerged because of Keggfarms, which till now was a routine, redundant but a certain source of income even though meagre. The key results could be underlined as: significant contribution to household income, gender Empowerment, alternate livelihoods at several points, food security and environmental converter of rubbish into food. The Govt of India, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, set up a committee headed by a senior technocrat from NABARD to study the rural poultry scenario with a view to include this sector in the venture capital fund of the department in the Tenth Five Year Plan. The study revealed that Kuroiler farming in the traditional style was being extensively practiced in villages with substantial benefits to rural stakeholders. NABARD presented bankable and venture capital funding for Kuroiler farming projects in rural areas In 2009, a joint venture of FAO and NDDB (SAPPLPP) studied the impact of the Keggfarms model of Kuroiler farming in rural India. Results indicated that very substantial benefits were accruing to rural stakeholders. (Kapur & Singh)

There are other farms too like fish farms, poultry farms, mushroom, deer, and christmas tree farms in Ireland. There is also a method called arable farming. Which seeds that are grown and harvested each year are called arable crops. Another method is intensive farming. Intensive farming methods mean a lot of food can be grown on the same amount of land. Most farms in Ireland are mixed farms. Mixed farms are where the farmers grow crops and raise animals. Maize in Ireland is mainly grown as a forage crop that is harvested and ensiled for winter for feeding the livestock on the farm. Some farmers use silage that was harvested and put on the ground to get silage bales. About 3,326,000 acres of the total area was devoted to growing crops in 1998.

In this book the author tries to discover the meaning of the market economy and wage labor hold by the Malay peasants. She also conducted an anthropological field work in an agricultural district at Selangor which is Peninsular Malaysia, where there is an undergoing rapid proletarianization process. Connecting all together with history, ethnography, and quantitative analysis, she has addresses many questions that pertains to the peasants and state policies. The book also shows us how the diverging roles of young women and men are increasingly controlled, by educational and labor market pressures,

Of all the effects and product development, ignorance is one of the most pervasive. Often the trappings of development - Export of Machinery and skills, building a market, financing by debt, structural adjustment, the issuance of land titles, surveying and mapping, construction dams, extension programs for rural income and so on - ignore, move, replace or eliminate the knowledge held their "target populations" (Agrawal & Lemos: 2007). Practices that accompany these projects, postulating the existence of backward masses oppressed by nature, also maintain development agents themselves ignorant of the knowledge of others. The villagers become those who do not "understand" those it would be unfair to deprive the benefits of Western

Looking at different development projects, the structure of these projects are categorized into different sectors, including agriculture, food security, infrastructure, healthcare, environment, water, sanitation, and democracy. Even though they have a shared goal, each sector has its technical approach to address a defined issue, and rarely communicates and coordinates between other sectors to solve a complex and interdependent problem. Its complexity is not defined by the technical aspect, which can be easily solved, but the implication of other sectors which shapes the outcomes of the project. The increase of the agricultural productivity aforementioned can be solved by improving the access of agricultural inputs, but the result is not sustainable if farmers have a difficulty to sell their products because the roads necessary to transport the products to the market are very bad or cannot be used during the rainy season. In addition, other aspects, such as cultural and political practices, also play their roles and shape the final results. Despite the mixed results observed, the silo approach still continue the norm to address a development problem.

Today's life has many difficulties and people are the victims, so they plan to make it easy as they canother. So they can reach a good position. They have more friends in the community since it is small. The village people always try to protect their traditional habits and culture. The village has clean air and the environment is very beautiful. The village has less noise and rush. So the pollution is less. The village has not lot of vehicles. So roads are less dangerous for driving cycling. They can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits. The environment of the village is pleasant and silent and it has scenic beauty. The village has not only good points, but also it has bad points.

Sustainable development at its core contains three main elements: Environmental Protection, Social Equity and Economic Growth a concept often referred to as the triple bottom line: Business that looks to its impacts in terms of finance the environment and people. In agricultural sustainability we are in fact considering the effects of the agricultural sector on these three factors, sustainable

Rural development has been discussed extensively in the literature by various writers from different disciplines. The universal objective of rural development is to improve the quality of life of rural people. This is facilitated upon a continuous process by government, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and different actors at the (inter) national, state and local levels. Without doubt, this involves how best to organize rural area resources and potentials (especially human and economic potentials) so as to achieve an increase in the overall standard of living of the rural community dwellers. According to Halwart et, al (2003), the idea is to sustain the growth of rural economies, improve rural community livelihood and to promote food security through the improvement of food supply, employment and income. This chapter is divided into four parts. Part one reviews some approaches to the application of agropolitan center strategy in rural physical planning in selected third world countries. Part two examines the basic theories that relate to the spatial organization of human settlements by some well known writers such as Friedman, Christaller and others. Part three relate these theories to the present research and part four looked at large scale agriculture and rural development in the context of aquaculture.

These are some images which will describe the crop cultivation over here in a more better way-: