Kacie Lee
Tomasetti
AP World P.6
10/28/17
AP World ID #8
1. Abbasid Dynasty (202-203)
The Abbasid Dynasty was the Arabic dynasty that was created by Abu al-Abbas, who came from the family of Muhammad. His military defeated the Umayyad forces and made the Abbasid dynasty the center of authority until conquered by the Mongols. The Abbasid dynasty was equal in the sense that it did not favor the wealthy over others. It was also not a vanquishing dynasty - instead of conquering other lands, the Abbasids were able to enlarge their empire by largely self-governing Islamic power. The Abbasid dynasty used the Persian way of administering. The central power came from Baghdad, and from there, power moved to the far reaches of the kingdom. Each province had a caliph (like a governor) who put his policies into place. There were ulamas, who were people that had religious understanding and qadis who were judges. They established an official education that underlined the learning of the Quran and sharia. Ulamas and qadis were very important because they helped keep the Islamic beliefs in place. The caliphs additionally ensured that there was a military, kept the roads in condition, and created governmental agencies. However, in the Abbasid dynasty, there was internal instability and revolts weakened the realm.
2. Five Pillars of Islam (198)
The Five Pillars of Islam are the rules that Muhammad established as the cornerstone of the Islamic religion. First, Muslims have to accept Allah as
The Islamic empires of the Ottoman, Safivid, and Mughal were unique as they were some of the most dominant, powerful, and influential Islamic empires during their time and were considered more stable than their Islamic predecessors. These empires existed in some of the same and different eras and physical locations in the world; the Ottoman Empire existed in the 13th century through the 20th century in the modern day parts of Eastern Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East, the Safavid Empire existed in the 16th century through the 18th century in the modern day parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, specifically in modern day country of Iran (Persia), and the Mughal Empire existed in the 16th century through 19th century in the modern day parts of Southern Asia. These empires have had a continuing influence on civilizations years beyond their existence. These empires’ Islamic religion was also directly part of their politics, but they still were able to effectively control many areas with people that did not have the same religious or political beliefs.
This document teaches historians about the Islamic Empire under the rule of the Abbasid Empire and how, during al-Ya’qubi’s time, Baghdad was the heart of the huge network the Islamic Empire had created. Al-Ya’qubi lived during the ninth century and his observations on Baghdad in “A New Islamic Dynasty” gave historians more insight into the Islamic World regarding: a) the central role that Baghdad played in the Islamic State during his time, b) Baghdad’s transformation from village to powerful city and c) perceiving how al-Yaqubi’s personal ties to Baghdad affected his observations. Although al-Ya’qubi may have exaggerated when describing some people or events, he certainly highlighted the historical period and society where he lived by mentioning how central and pivotal Baghdad as a city was to the Islamic World both during his time – and, to an extent, for world history as a
Describe each of the five pillars and reflect on why they are referred to as Pillars of Islam.
How did the Persian kings control/govern the various parts of their realm? Consider at least three different geographical areas
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all contributed to create what is known as the Age of Gunpowder Empires between 1450-1800 (Islamic Empires). Although these empires were thought to be extremely different, the vast amount of similarities within their actions and methods proved to be almost identical. These empires focused their power on military and used new technological advances with firearms; this included the cannon and small arms. The Empires even took it upon themselves to develop a centralized administration. Each administration dealt with the finance, army, and natural resources necessary in order to purchase gunpowder.
The teachings of Muhamad are based on brotherhood and the belief of all Muslims on a common faith. The Koran is the scriptural basis of Islam and it is believed to be the words of God delivered to Muhammad by Angel Gabriel. The five fundamental pillars of Islam are the confession, prayer, zakat, the haji and fasting. The haji is the prescribed visit to Mecca for all Muslims in a lifestyle. Islam also believes in the end of the world and Judgement day.
Similarity, the Ottoman and Safavid empires had one highly recognized and strong leader each, where they both ruled a Monarch. For the Ottomans, the strongest leader was Suleiman, who came to power around 1520 and ended his reign in 1566. On the other side, for the Safavids, the greatest leader was Abbas I, who came to the throne in the year 1588 at the young but determining age of sixteen. During Suleiman’s power in the Ottoman Empire, he created a Uniform System of Law and welcomed variety forms of art and literature (History.com). Suleiman, also nicknamed Suleiman the Magnificent, also advocated for
The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties to have existed in the Middle East. This empire was established by Shaykh Safi al-Din but it was not till Shah Abbas’s reign that this empire became stronger. He monopolized revenues collected along the major trade routes and with established a more centralized administrative structure in the new capital, Isfahan. The Safavid dynasty relied their principles heavily on religious charisma and tribal military skills. Later leader of the Safavid empire Iran, Shah Isma’il, gave guidance to the Safavid people. His leadership and character gave him a great sense of appeal that attracted many other tribes from his home region. He had many military tactics that aided him to defeat neighboring towns and because he was a very respected leader, he gained more support from other tribes.
Explain and analyse the significance of the Five Pillars of Islam on the individual and the community making reference to the principal beliefs where relevant.
Beginning as early as the 700s, a written record was kept to preserve the stories told by previous generations so that they may not be lost. As the tradition continued, many authors, mostly male, added to the growing plethora of literature and a central ideal began to develop. From an unknown author’s Beowulf, to Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Sonnet number 29, authors took turns chiseling at that ideal with their diction until one general shape began to develop. As a whole, men are obsessed with their image, something that these authors were not immune to.
Life is a state of existence, but for Africans traveling the Middle Passage across the Atlantic, this was not a life anyone should ever have endured. The Atlantic slave trade was a long, horrific journey. Ships that were designed to carry 350 people were sometimes crammed full of over 800 men, women, and children (Holt & Brown, 2000). The enslaved Africans endured unspeakable abuse, shackled together, and existed in holding spaces covered in their own urine, vomit, etc. for extensive periods of time. Death rates were high, as they were malnourished, diseased, and exposed to unspeakable conditions. Necessities were minimal and they were not treated humanely.
The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. Al-Amin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the Caliphate. However Al-Mamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. He was spurred towards seizing the Caliphate for
the 5 Pillars of Islam. You must believe that Muhammad is the only prophet of god and to support
Chemical kinetics is the study of speeds, rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. The speed of a reaction is called the reaction rate. Therefore, the reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. The rate of a chemical reaction refers to the speed that a reaction proceeds and is measured by the disappearance rate of one reactant or by the appearance rate of a certain product. Reactions occur at many different rates.
using Ibn Khaldun 's model to explain the history of the Umayyad dynasty and Abbasid dynasty.