Waqf, an Effort to Substantiate Capacity and Mitigate Poverty Introduction Poverty is a complex phenomenon which occurs in the most of societies and communities around the world. Economic scholar, Sirageldin (2000), Manan (1998) and Kankwenda et al. (2000: 11, 63-64) points out that poverty can be identified from inequality income distribution, inability to access basic education, health service, and inadequate productive human resources (poverty Muslim spirit)to build capacity to the poor. This crucial challenge is no exception faced by the Muslim world as well, in particular, the Middle East (Kuran, 2004: 71-72). Considering the enormity of poverty in the Muslim world, we cannot lie in the government activities which occur deficit fund. …show more content…
For example, emerging more than 8000 educational institutions for training courses in Bangladesh (Sadeeq, 2002). Another success story of waqf is Bencoolen Street in Singapore, which consists of commercial complex and service apartments, and a mosque from Musharakah Sukuk (Karim, 2007: 17). Multiplex of higher towers named Zam-zam tower in Saudi Arabia also derived from waqf-Sukuk al-intifaa (Kasri & Saeran: 2016). Waqf concept also spread to the West which many universities were established such as Oxford University, the University of Cambridge in the UK and the University of Harvard and Yale in the USA (Gaudiosi, 1998; Çizakça, 1998; Stibbard, QC & Bromley, 2012; Mahamood & Rahman, 2015). Further, by implementing cash waqf, everybody can contribute to cash waqf because it does not require a lot of wealth, generate more funds which can use to develop asset such as undeveloped waqf land for business and agricultural purposes (Mannan, 1998; Antonio, 2002). However, the flexibility and development cash waqf are debated by Muslim jurists and scholar due to certain conceptual argument concerning perpetuity and inalienability (Mohammad et al., 2005). Because of the property must be tangible property (maal) and capable of being used without being consumed. This situation was clarified by the Waqf Validating Act of 1913, which permitted a waqf of “any property” including the movables, i.e., shares in joint stock companies, notes and even cash (Suhrawardy, 1991). This figure illustrates the mechanism effect of waqf
As we know that the phenomenon of poverty is prevalent in all countries of the world , including Saudi Arabia . poverty usually is a situation where the individual is unable to meet the requirements of providing food , clothing and shelter that necessary for him/her self . There are many reasons of poverty in Saudi Arabia including the emergence of unemployment ;which led to the inability of some heads of families to provide a steady income for their families . Also , housing is one of the causes of poverty as a result of the high cost of housing which led to the appearance of random areas around the various major cities such as Jeddah, Macca and in the south of Saudi Arabia. There are several social problems , political, and economic , so Saudi Arabia has developed several solutions to this issue include that organization of the social role for business and deepen the concept of the balance between public and privat interest, job creation and capacity development and natural resources , increase the availability of the imposition of education through the provision of education free of charge , and provide basic services such as health , nutritious, education and housing , so as to develop the quality of life
Poverty is an issue that has affected society since civilization was first created. Even with a globalized economy and economic opportunity prevalent nearly everywhere, there is still a vast majority of people who live in financial strain. According to recent information obtained by the World Bank, “10.7% of the world’s population live on less than US $1.90 a day”(World Bank 2013). In the United States considered the wealthiest nation on Earth, the poverty rate is 12.7% which is 40.6 million people(US Census Bureau 2016). Though some people are in poverty because of their own choices, poverty is a result of structural institutional practices in place.
According to Pogge (2008), poverty is a state at which individuals are not able to fulfill their basic human needs of food, shelter and clothing. This is taken in the context of quality and insufficient amounts in quantity. Poverty is categorized into two main classes, absolute and relative
The book ‘Poverty with Many Faces: a Case Study of Malaysia’ by Ataul Huq Pramanik is one of the results of the hard works that elaborate the issue significantly both in theoretical and practical perspectives. The author is a distinguished economist who has a sound background both from conventional and Islamic perspectives with a special expertise in development, distribution, poverty and public policies. In this book, the issue of poverty and deprivation faced by the individual is discussed to a great extent based on the multi-dimensional factors that are believed to contribute to the
This paper will discuss poverty, the different types of poverty and their definitions and who is affected by each type of poverty. It will look at the some of the major reasons why poverty exists and what causes poverty, like such things as inequality, stratification and international debt. Some of the impacts of poverty will also be analyzed from a national and global perspective; things like education, literacy rate, and crime. This paper will demonstrate that poverty affects almost everyone in some form or another and exists because those with power and wealth want and need poverty to exist to force a dependence on the wealthy. A few of the main
Islam is more than a religion, it’s a culture, and as such has an effect on political, social, and economic aspects of life—this is especially true outside of the Western world. Followers of Islam believe in full submission to God and this submission is practiced in the secular realm (Taha, 114). Of the five pillars of Islam, one (the zakat) has a direct affect on economic policy and ethics. The culture of Islam has shaped economic and business guidelines In the Islamic World and continues to do so. Cultural ideals attributed to the Qur’an or the Prophet Muhammad, have been a vital source for economic and business practices that have helped to shape the history of many Islamic nations, and are guiding the creation of policies
One can easily identify the fact that poverty is generally considered as one among the most serious problems in human life. But the mainstream society provides less importance to this serious problem because human life did undergo transformation from empathy to disinterestedness. The western nations are comparatively safe from poverty and related issues, but the third-world nations are under the threat of the same. The problems related to global poverty is unimaginable because it forces human beings to do anything, just for survival. Still, world nations, especially the developed nations, can play the most important role in alleviating poverty from the world. Thesis statement: Global poverty, the most serious problem faced by humanity primarily
Poverty for centuries has been a very severe issue that has troubled many nations while impeding economic developments and progress. Poverty stricken countries are majorly concentrated in the continents of Africa and Asia. Continents like the Americas and Europe have globally been recognized as been wealthier yet still many parts of these ostensible countries face massive cases of poverty. Most at times, countries with high populations owing to high birth rates face the most cases of poverty. The definition of poverty can be boundless in the sense that poverty entails so many subsections as it sometimes gets complicated to group everything under one umbrella. Society tends to focus more on the tangible aspects of poverty because many people associate poverty with lacking money and it makes sense because poverty in terms of lacking money is a major problem affecting almost every country in the world. Even though it is debatable that poverty can be physical, intellectual, spiritual and even emotional, it is best to talk about the lack of money and economic developments in this essay. With reference to the oxford English Dictionary, poverty is state of being extremely poor and the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount. Reflecting on this definition given, I deduced that malnutrition and hunger can define poverty. In the light of this, I think poverty is lacking a comfortable place of shelter, being ill and not having access to a better
Many describe poverty as an economic deprivation, or lack of income. However, this alone does not incorporate the different social, cultural and political aspects of this unfortunate reality. Poverty is not only a deprivation of economic or material resources but a violation of human dignity. The general scarcity, lack, or the state of one without a specific amount of material possessions or money. It is a versatile concept that may be defined as either absolute or relative. Time and again, poverty is a call to action, for the poor and the wealthy alike, it is a call to change the world so that many more may have enough to eat, adequate shelter, access to education and health, protection from violence, and a voice in what happens in their communities.
Islamic societies also fail their people educationally. Islamic institutions inadequately fund education, or provide inadequate education. None of the 1800 universities in Muslim countries are named as one of the top 500 world universities.² In science and technology, the Islamic world lags significantly. Twenty Muslim countries combined contributed only 0.55% of recent scientific literature, while smaller Israel produced 0.89%.³ Korea recently generated 16,328 patents and the United States generated 1,145,914, while the top nine Muslim countries generated 370, many by foreigners.⁴
Many individuals all over the world are affected by poverty. In order to completely understand the cause, the effect, and the solution to ending poverty, we must first understand the meaning of poverty. Poverty is the condition where an individual’s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (business dictionary). According to the World Bank Organization, poverty is also the lack of healthcare, education, information, and jobs. There are two general types of poverty: Absolute and Relative. Absolute poverty occurs when individuals cannot obtain adequate resources to support a minimum level of physical health. Relative poverty occurs when individuals do not
The prosperity and peace of a society much or less depends on its economy. While for the smooth running of both, there are several instructions in Islamic Shariah and allows what is right and forbids what is wrong. When we talk about financial issues, Islamic Shariah strictly condemns Riba. The question may arise why Islam prohibits Riba? While it was already in practice before the advent of Islam and still it is a part of different economic systems throughout the world. It is simply because Islam gives respect to human beings and condemns all the attempts that are harmful and disgraceful for humanity. Therefore, Riba is not only forbidden in Islam but economic experts are also in search of its substitute. Since borrowing on interest rate creates several issues including: less efficient allocation of resources, indebtedness, unemployment and economic instability. While in society it causes injustices, inequity, poverty and imbalance etc. In this paper we are discussing how Riba causes imbalance in the society and instead Riba what Islam demands from its followers.
When it comes to poverty, there is the magnitude of definitions explaining the term. The definition of poverty has important implications from point of view of policy making, politics and academic debates. Each view has its own value judgments and explanations. Over the times, new definitions have surfaced the debates and yet, there is not a single universally acceptable definition of poverty. Definitions usually set the perimeters of the terminology and often subject to limitations and criticism. According to the definition of the World Bank, the term lack refers to the scarcity of economic resources while the term inability refers to the failure of competence to take part in a community (Bellu & Liberati, 2005). It is now widely
Poverty is the lack of the basic needs of life, including food, shelter, clothing and safe drinking water. For a person to live normally, it is important to meet a certain level of physical, social, and emotional needs. People who live in poverty have difficult time to achieve those as they are not welcomed in many places. Because of their low incomes, they have troubles in maintaining their health, hunger, education. Poverty has become a large issue around the world. It is something that many of us know about but we’re not realizing just how big of a problem it is. This paper will include basic information about poverty, its effects, facts and statistics which can make people aware and want to help reduce poverty.
Poverty is a major menace to humanity existence in recent times majorly in the third world countries; it is one of the greatest threats to stability and peace more than other tussles like terrorism. The Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations to eradicate poverty everywhere in all its form and ensure quality education by 2030 shows the global commitment to ensure a higher standard of living for mankind.