Aedes Mosquitos : Dangerous Invasive Species And Disease Vectors Who Originally Came From Asian Tropical Territories

About 1,500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States annually, mostly in returned travelers” (Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). Malaria risk is not distributed homogeneously throughout all countries. Some destinations have malaria transmission occurring throughout the whole country, while in others it occurs in defined pockets so the traveler should be weary of areas whose climate is conducive to mosquitoes.

Man can capture an elephant, train a lion, and totally obliterate a species from this earth. If man can do all that surely he will have dominion over something as small and meek as a mosquito. The Yellow Fever epidemic of 1793 proved this notion to be false as this disease, transmitted solely by the bite of a female mosquito, wiped out one tenth of Philadelphia’s population in four months. Some make the mistake of seeing this as an isolated event but this epidemic was as far-reaching as the disease itself since it forever changed America’s Government, public health system and African American community.

Mosquitoes are the host to many diseases the pose a threat to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Endemic birds are the most affected by the transmission of avian diseases through mosquitoes. Controlling the mosquito popular is key in bringing back the native bird population.

That is the troubling account of Dr. Lyle Peterson, specialist in the field of infectious disease control on the condition of West Nile Virus entering the United States. Though West Nile has affected many different regions, Africa has had the worst death rates. Conditions and diagnostics reveal that the disease is real and has some very dangerous effects. There are many actions being put forth to stop the rapid spread, but there are also some factors preventing countries from issuing control techniques such as costs and environmental considerations. The origin and history of West Nile need to be analyzed to predict where it will be in the future and know how it became as large as it is now. Additionally, the main problem lies in the fact that there are so many prime areas for the main carrier, the mosquito, to thrive in. Indeed, this all leads to the rampant condition of West Nile Virus the world faces today, the worst that it has ever been.

We have all been victims of them. They’re often disgusted and feared by many. One might think they’re just the annoying little critter that terrorized our daily activities. Needless to say, they’re one of the deadliest animals in the animal kingdom. You might think a big ferocious lion or a velocipede shark might be the animal with the most fatalities. This tiny insect is the major cause of approximately 1 million dead annually according to the World Health Organization. Although this might surprise you, it’s not uncommon for mosquitos to be responsibilities of many deaths around the world. What will astonish you is that history tends to repeat itself. This deadly critter has been responsible for many major events that eventually cause the

The World Health Organization (WHO) says as many as 4 million people could be infected in the next year in America. Subsequently, “On January 27th, Brazilian health officials reported a total of 4,180 cases since October 2015, and 287 more cases more cases a week earlier.” (Rosen 16). Health officials take a lot of time investigating many cases that have appeared in more than 20 countries, including the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The amount is rising more and more. In addition, the only places that were recorded to not receive the mosquito-borne virus were Canada and Chile, because of their lack of a large mosquito population. However, what does that mean for the

As a result of the mosquitoes physically being able to occupy a different vector, certain diseases also begin to expand to occupy that vector as well. As stated by an article about the population dynamics of mosquitoes, “global changes . . . lead to an extension of the distribution areas of certain mosquito species and the emergence of associated vector-borne diseases” (Ezanno et al.). As mosquitoes shift the vector of where they live as a result of this global warming, they bring what they have with them. In this case, this means that the mosquitoes bring these diseases with them throughout this new vector. Not only do mosquitoes bring these diseases with them to these new places, depending on the climate in this new area, certain diseases

In 2012, Texas encountered the largest outbreak of the virus with 1868 cases reported. During that year, the mosquito population increased drastically. This was because there were higher temperatures and fluctuations between rainfall and drought which provided ideal conditions for mosquitoes to reproduce. The drought conditions reduced water flow and created stagnant water

By learning about different viruses in class, it sparked my interest in further researching a common virus known to the word called West Nile virus. Affiliated with the genus Flavivirus, this virus can be transported globally due to being classified as a mosquito-borne arbovirus1. Mosquitoes, belonging to the genus Culex, can facilitate the transportation of this pathogen by consuming the blood of an infected bird, being the main reservoir, and then passing it on to another animal or human1-3. Mosquito activity is at its peak during the months of summer and autumn, therefore these months depict the most cases of West Nile virus4. Humans play no role in the transportation as they are coined dead end hosts due to not being able to produce enough

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a disease that generally is transmitted by mosquitos and can infect a number of organisms along with humans. Typically this virus reaches its peak of transmission when mosquitoes are most prevalent throughout the year, these months being from spring to fall. Fortunately, those who are infected with this illness generally do not show symptoms but those who do, can develop a fever which can sometimes result in a wide range of symptoms even death. It is important to take precautions during the peak months of mosquito abundance; precautions include wearing clothing that covers the body or even wearing bug repellent. It is important to understand this disease because it affects the human species and can result in death. Furthermore, we have seen a fluctuation in where this disease occurs over the years. We may see an outbreak in one state, but the following year may be different and no outbreak may occur. Lastly, the goal of this study is to investigate and determine what variables contribute to these fluctuations in this avian borne illness.

There are two transmission cycles for the CHIKV virus: Enzootic and human-vector-human cycle. During epidemic periods incidentally humans serves as the reservoir. Outside this period, the disease also occurs in primates (African green monkey), rodents, and birds. The main vectors involved in the transmission of the disease are the Aedes aegypti, and the Ades albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquito species are characterized by white stripes on their black bodies and legs. The female mosquitoes are the only ones that bite , and therefore play an essential role in the human-vector-human cycle, as male mosquitoes do not bite. They serve as the link between humans and the virus by up taking their blood meal and transferring it to humans. The vast

These surveillance programs should incorporate strategies which assure that the data is comparable over time and space, as well as being designed to pick up trends in WNV transmission levels (West Nile Virus, 2013). WNV surveillance programs should also be equipped with quantitative indicators like infection rate or vector index to represent the transmission activity in mosquito populations. In order to provide sufficient information to link surveillance indicators with the degree of human risk, these programs must be sustainable over a long period of time. The collection of mosquitos must also be implemented weekly throughout the transmission season and done at fixed collection areas. Through continuous monitoring can these programs present information that will be useful in creating thresholds to support decisions pertaining to vector control efforts and interventions (West Nile Virus, 2013). Surveillance methods, like sentinel chickens and dead bird surveillance could be conducive to mosquito-based surveillance in quantifying epizootic activity in some

That’s why genetically modifying is the best way to go. This method ensures the safety of the population and some other animals for that matter. It changes some of the genetics so they are immune to whatever they want it be immune from. This method also ensures the safety of the population because they can breed. And when they breed their genetics go to their “children” causes them to be immune too. But I think the best option to go with is to use genetically modifying. And while they are at it the scientists might as well kill off all of the blood sucking mosquitos but leave the other ones alone. Only because the blood suckers are the only one that can transmit diseases to humans.

One of the most striking dividing lines between realms is the Wallace Line between Australia and Asia. Because Australia is isolated from the Asian land mass its biodiversity is rich with different species and ecosystems. However, due to trade and human transport methods the highly adaptable and dispersive Aedes albopictus (typically native to Asia) has been located in the Torres Strait (between Papua New Guinea and Australia) with invasion to mainland Australia imminent. This r-strategist has adapted to different environments to promote egg fecundity and viability enabling it to spread further as well as being epidemiologically important threatening global health. This report aims to provide an insight into the species and aims to assess the current damage caused by the invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in the Torres Strait.

Insects-the most diverse group of animals on Earth, are the major group from arthropods class. Insects could be found in almost everywhere, in any conditions, and environments, which why we would classify insects as the most successful, and diverse organisms to dominate the earth’s population. However, these magnificent, simple yet sophisticated organisms are capable to produce massive casualties. The manner of how these diseases are introduced to human through insects will further be discussed in this paper. This paper will attempt a further analysis on the history, the distribution of the diseases worldwide, and the further impact noted caused by the diseases.