Aerial To Underwater Archaeology Research Paper

Anthropology is the study of humans in the past and present. Four subfields encompass anthropology; Archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistics, and physical anthropology. Archaeology is the study of human cultures in the past through material remains. These material remains include artifacts as well as architecture. Archaeologist can focus in prehistoric, historic, or classical archaeology. Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark, is an example of archaeology in film. It is not the best example since Dr. Jones does not carry the correct equipment with him in the field (notebooks, trowel, shovel) nor does he take any notes when removing an artifact from a site. However, the film does portray how an archaeologist would dig in order to recover artifacts, like when Indy and the team find the

Death by Theory, written by Adrian Praetzellis, is an engaging and informational book written in a novelistic way that engages the reader to think critically about archaeology. Compared to other forms of informational text about archaeology, Death by Theory teaches archaeological theory by telling a story that incorporates the different theories of archaeology in a realistic setting. While standard textbooks about the theory of archaeology can come off a bit dry, Death by Theory skips the standard definitions and applies this in a way that aids the reader in understanding how these theories and terms can be applied in an actual archaeological setting. This text illustrates the adventure of plucky archaeologist Dr. Hannah Green and her nephew Sean Doyle as they seek to explain an unusual archaeological site while dealing with real life archaeological struggles. The protagonists deal with an egotistical colleague of Dr. Green who sought her out as a consult on a particularly strange archaeological case. All the while dealing with cults, the media, and incompatible data.

| |artifacts and land structures to|time when things were formed and|to test ever artifact found it |

Since these ancient people did not work with writing, this made an obstacle for the archaeologists; who had to create artifacts to help with their studies. They did all they could do, except ignore what can’t be ignored: ancient Americans’ past events.

1. Do we create a hierarchy within archaeology of the tools/human fossils over the unknown objects/art objects by placing more importance on the sciences than the arts, i.e. we readily fund certain projects of a scientific nature (i.e. proving the missing link) vs projects of a purely aesthetic nature (restoration of pre-Columbian burial wrapping weavings)? What motivates this hierarchy, if a hierarchy exists?

The history of archaeology plays an important role in the controversial issues surrounding the science. Archaeology has only recently become a concrete science. Although mankind has always had an interest in the past, the root of archaeology is believed to have started in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. During this time period, artifacts were mainly sought after for collecting. The upper class of the Renaissance period collected artifacts from places such as Rome and Greece to display in their homes as art. As time went on, the lure of historical art and artifacts increased. “Classical archaeology” is the direct result of this curiosity. The “classical archaeologists” were mainly wealthy men that collected artifacts for their homes and studied where they

History and the preservation of cultural heritage are the foundation to influencing who and what our societies are today. A strong foundation is one derived from truth based on tangible and irrefutable knowledge and evidence. The discipline of archaeology is a science that probes the depths of the human past (Chazan 2014:8) and utilizes various concrete research methods and theories in determining past societies based on objects anchored in today. An unnerving threat however, are those rooted in the practice of pseudoarchaeology which frankly, is not a science but rather a fantastical imagery of history that romanticizes and exaggerates ideas and notions of the past. Pseudoarcheaology seeks to emphasize false truths on the bases of exaggerating

2. Heinrich Schliemann and Arthur Evans are iconic archaeologists who discovered ancient artifacts that contains knowledge about ancient civilizations. The archaeologists had same ambition to discover Mediterranean treasure, but they had different techniques of obtaining them resulting them to be distinctive towards scholars and how their actions made contribution to the archaeology. Heinrich Schliemann did successful obtain valuable artifacts but, he earned them recklessly where he demolished most of the surroundings from ancient ruins without considering to restore the historical remnants. According to Penelope J.E Davies’s “Schliemann’s excavation technique destructive and considered Schliemann himself little more than a treasure hunter.

Over 99% of human history occurred during prehistoric cultures, who had no system of writing or method or chronicling events. This left very little written record or accounts of what transpired that might be studied today. This lack of evidence made it very difficult to learn about previous civilizations and cultures and how they came to be, thrive, and eventually fall. With no written record, we had to rely on archaeology to investigate the whole of human history. While many of our species’ milestones occurred in prehistoric times, it became more and more important for the field of archaeology to advance and be taken seriously. All of this is interesting, but let’s take a look into a specific place and time to expand upon what

In Reading the Past, Ian Hodder argues that Processual, or New, Archaeology is flawed and that we must look at approaches used before its adoption and integrate parts of those approaches into the study of archaeology. He points out that Symbols in Action helped him to develop three ideas regarding how to do this. First, we must consider that material culture has meaning. Second, that the individual is important to the development of theory in archaeology; and finally that archaeology is most closely related to history and should consider that in its approach.

Archaeology is the combination of History, Anthropology, and archaeometry, because its studying human cultures, historical and prehistoric, while also being the science of decay. For many years there has been battling arguments between the processual and post-processual archaeology theories. I see the battle between the two as American archaeology against British archaeology. Processual archaeology is the archaeological theory brought to attention by Gorden Willey and Philip Phillips in the 1960s, arguing that archaeology was more of a science and should focus more on explanation rather than explication. Some see Post-processual archaeology as a critique of processual archaeology that originated in the United Kingdom during the late 1970s,

Unlike the fictional tactics that movies such as Indiana Jones and The Mummy portray, archaeologists utilize meticulous and methodical strategies when studying archaeological sites. Rather than simply stumbling upon a glorious treasure out of the blue, archaeologists tend to have a reason to explore a specific region for historical artifacts. Moreover, the process of digging up these sites is extensively regulated so that the integrity and value of these sites are kept intact. Over time, the methods that archaeologists implement has evolved greatly, as observed by comparing the techniques of Heinrich Schliemann, Howard Carter, and Kenneth Feder. It can be observed that as time has progressed, these archaeologists have become more tentative

According to an article on archaeology, ¨There are no written records for 99% of human history [;] this is one of the reasons why archaeology is so important¨ (¨Science Careers: Archaeology¨). Studying the history of mankind is important so that people can understand where they came from and where they are going to. In order to become an archeologist, an individual needs to learn what skills are necessary, what education requirements there are, and what salary they can look forward to upon completion, so that goals can be met in this area.

Archaeologists study our human history by examining artifacts that we used, or human or ancient bones they can determine how we used those artifacts and how we evolved they can also help finding new information about older generations of people.

• The study of the past based on recovering and identifying artifacts and making inferences about those who left these artifacts is called Archaeology .