Aerobic Training Strategies Are Used For Training

These adaptations are relevant because the body is being stressed which leads to more blood being needed by the working muscles. With this increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, it also increases the heart rate. Heart rate is the amount of times the heart beats per minute. This means that the heart is working hard and being progressively overloaded increases the efficiency and will improve the performance of the athlete. Another adaptation is oxygen uptake. When the body is being progressively overloaded oxygen uptake is really important because it is the amount of oxygen being delivered to working muscles. This amount increases when exercise begins but decreases as adaptations occur. This is very similar to lung capacity as lung capacity is the amount of air that the lungs can hold. Another physiological adaptation in relation to progressive overload is haemoglobin levels. Haemoglobin is the substance in the blood that binds to oxygen and transports it around the body. These levels are important because it’s telling us how much oxygen and blood is being used and directly relates to stroke volume and oxygen uptake. Muscle hypertrophy is a term that refers to muscle growth together with an increase in the size of muscle cells. For a sprinter this adaptation is very important because it indicates that the muscles have been stimulated and grown and an

A common adverse affect of overtraining for an elite athlete is ‘Overtraining Syndrome’. Overtraining syndrome is a neuroendocrine (neural input cells in the brain) disorder characterized by poor performance in competition, inability to maintain training loads, persistent fatigue, frequent illness, disturbed sleep and the most frequent in an elite athlete: alterations in mood state (Nature Immunology and Cell Biology Laurel T Mackinnon May 2000). Nearly all athletes experience the mood deterioration observed without impairment in sport performance. Since the goal is to reach a point of improved performance within the athlete the athlete then has to reach his/her limits of physical capacity (or even beyond) and since the balance between the right amount of training and overtraining is a fragile line many athletes suffer from this overtraining syndrome. It is not the hard training that makes you stronger in fact it makes you slightly weaker, it is the rest that will allow your body to grow stronger. Physiologic improvement in sports only occurs during the rest period following hard training. Due to this need for hardened training many elite athletes overwork themselves

One of the more prevailing ideologies attached to athletes and coaches alike is the more training one completes the better performance can be obtained. While this method has proven to push athletes to crush records, there comes a point in this action plan when excessive training will cause an athlete to plateau or even deteriorate in performance ability (Wilmore, Costill, & Kenney, 2011). This particular method to training has sparked many a research study in which it is generally found that athletes who train in an excess of double the volume of a typical training program see no additional benefits to performance (Wilmore et al., 2011). There are several consequences to this type of training with the top two being overtraining syndrome and

It might be more appropriate to refer to this type of training as vo2 max or aerobic capacity training since the athlete trains at or very near the intensity which demands vo2 max of the system (Daniels and Scardina, 1984). Interval training can be referred to in several different ways. Fox (1977) refers to two types of interval training, low power output interval training and high power output interval training. High power output interval training involves exercise and rest periods of less than one minute. Gibala and Mcgee (2008) refer to High intensity training. This generally refers to repeated sessions of relatively short intermittent exercise often performed with an 'all out'. Minimum volume of High intensity training may be necessary to increase VO2 peak. Alternatively, Astrand and Rodahl (1977) say that exercise bouts lasting 3-5 minutes each are the longest recommended and are considered optimum for training aerobic processes. The purpose of high intensity training is to repeatedly stress the physiological systems that will be used during specific endurance type exercise (Daniels and Scardina 1984) than which is required during a specific activity. Intensity was the most important factor in producing improvements in aerobic power, regardless of level of exercise, duration frequency, program length or initial fitness (Wenger and bell,

A person may be training as an athlete for a big competition or someone training for a marathon. They can even just be a young or old individual living a normal life, yet some people may think that athletes are more viable to do strength training than an average person. Although people may have assumptions that athletes are the only ones who use strength training, individuals use muscular strength and endurance in their daily life do to the many benefits there are to it.

Intensity is the difficulty or effort applied of which an athlete works out to each session. In particular, the level of intensity is directly related to an individual's heart rate. An unfit athlete would reach a heart rate of 60 to 80% of their maximum heart rate capability after performing an activity such as running a set distance. With this, if an unfit athlete experiences a higher that usual insentisty it puts the individual at risk of overbeating or skipping a beat, potentially causing fatigue. Though an Olympic Marathon runner would experience high levels of intensities, reaching the heart rate between 85 to 100%. This level of intensity can be matched in fitness tests through the combination of the Maximum Oxygen Consumption test as well other various tests that involve the components of fitness. With these tests it will force the athlete to reach their VO2Max, peaking at their lactating threshold whilst also reaching their maximum possible heart rate. Overall, different levels of intensities are required to be applied to athletes with different levels of fitness to suit their physical capabilities and

Training is a very important factor when it comes to athletes improving their overall performance. If an athlete trains very lightly, then there will be no results showing improvement. If an athlete trains hard, they are left with underperformance, but if proper recovery is allowed, there will be improving results. Every athlete trains with intensity in hopes of improving their day to day performance. But training intense will not always bring beneficial factors. Training too often without adequate rest can bring serious effects to the human body. “The overtraining syndrome is a condition of fatigue and underperformance, often associated with frequent infections and depression which occurs following hard training and competition” (Budgett 1).

The use of short intervals, commonly known as anaerobic intervals, range between ten seconds and two minutes with a work rest ratio of 1:3, meaning for every ten seconds an athlete works, they need to rest for thirty seconds (Browne & Clarke, 2010). It is designed to overload the anaerobic energy systems. Maximal effort repetitions are designed to improve the ATP-PC stores within the muscles, whereas longer efforts aim to improve the body being able to tolerate lactic acid within the blood stream. Athletes and coaches use anaerobic endurance training to develop the speed components of different sports (Figure 1 outlines the way running and swimming can be incorporated in an anaerobic interval

Jumps such as single axels are skills taught even at young ages, and can even advance to double, triple, and more with training. But these hard abilities take time and years of practice to achieve. In the Olympics and other big competitions, there are restrictions set on the things you can do. In lifts, jumps and throws are not allowed. Music restrictions are based on the routine, but depending on the event, the song can be anywhere between 2 minutes and 40 seconds to 4 minutes and 10 seconds. For scoring, 7/9 are used. Scoring and placing is very difficult and since they stopped using the six point system a few years ago, many of those who play and watch the sport have found it hard to understand and comprehend while watching competitions or even performers. Skaters such as Meryl Davis have most likely got the tricky system down,

The feeling of successfully completing that last rep. Almost nothing beats it. But when is there a limit to the quantity and frequency of weight-involved strength training? Many people involved in the development and strengthening the muscles of the body while being asked the question will say something along the lines of, “There is no limit.” and, “The harder you work, the better you perform.” But the truth is, strength training can be harmful to anyone who works out frequently. Overtraining in many instances creates negative effects, despite the positivity of training in your musculoskeletal system. Overtraining, or excessive strength training, can be very harmful for an athlete, including the effects of overtraining syndrome, “burnout”

For example the players are on a set course, steady speed. They have short bursts of speed for approximately 30 secs- 2 mins, for 2-5 mins intervals. This training method will typically last for 20-40 mins, at medium to high intensity. Aerobic interval involves performing a series of power, such as running, shuttles, tackling & boxing. For example, track intervals; 3 sets of 600-1000 metre running then recovering for 2 mins. They should do this interval training for 3-8 sets, covering no more than 6000 metres per training session. Circuit training involves a number of different exercises that are performed over a set period of time, including a rest period. This may include running, shuttles, bodyweight exercises; whole body exercises. This should be completed between 20-30 mins, 6-12 stations, work at each station for 30 secs-2 mins, with a rest period of 10-30 seconds. These training methods are very effective for the improvement of an athlete's ability to recover from intense activities and improve their concentration over a long period of

Muscular endurance is the ability of the muscles to keep working for an extended time(Phentice H. & Needham M.,1997).It can increase depends on the strength of the muscle and through changes in local metabolic and circulatory function. Exercise will increase blood flow and enhance the capacity of the muscle fibers to generate and store more energy that allows the muscle to endure continuous use of muscle in longer period of time (Weir, 2010).

Psychological Skills Training might actually shorten the total rehabilitation time an athlete might face in a temporary injury, however, there are no studies that prove this. Psychological Skills Training might include counseling sessions with an athletic therapist, group sessions with other injured athletes, and motor imagery throughout whatever limb is injured so to speed up the recovery process.

We predict that aerobic exercise training will produce changes in the hippocampus both structurally and functionally. Its enhancement in terms of the size will be correlated with improvements in the functions the hippocampal region is involved in. Particularly, exercise will develop young individuals´ memory consolidation, a process through which memories are stabilized in the long-term, but also the long-term potentiation phenomenon of it. This means a better capacity for converting short-term memories and information into long-term ones. It is also predicted that depression scores and risks of falling into a depressive mental disease will be lower in trained subjects.

“Run when you can, walk if you have to, crawl if you must; just never give up” (Dean Karnazes). Running is a sport that not many individuals involve themselves in. Though most stray from this activity, it is the fundamental concept behind every action. It aids in increasing one’s endurance and can lead to a lucrative career. Although many associate running with maximal aerobic power, there are other factors affected by the introduction of endurance exercise. With the use of running, various aspects including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, etc. are altered.