Aerosols Research Paper

Air is entered through the mouth and then travels down to the lungs. As gases move between the air within the alveoli and the bloodstream within the capillaries, they must cross a thin barrier of alveolar cells and one layer of capillary cells. As oxygen within the alveolar air is of higher concentration than the oxygen within the bloodstream, oxygen

Clouds to form in the atmosphere have to have water vapor present. This water vapor makes up a cloud. The water vapor in the atmosphere comes from evaporation or deposition. Also the temperature of the air is below the dew point. When the water is fully saturated, it starts to rise and the expansional cooling process begins. During the process of condensation, the aerosol particles act like a nuclei in the atmosphere, which began to grow, creating ice crystals that are big enough to produce a cloud.

1A. Matter is a type of vaporation of a liquid that appears from the surface of a liquid into a gassy period which is not soaked with the evaporating essence. Another type of vaporation is boiling, which is represented by bubbles of wet vapor in the liquid point.

Small air sacks called alveoli are at the tips of the bronchioles. When air reaches them, the oxygen concentration is high, which causes diffusion into red blood cells travelling through pulmonary capillaries (7). The red blood cells then distribute the new oxygen to the rest of the body. When they reach the alveoli again, they exchange carbon dioxide (a form of cell waste) for new oxygen, and repeat the process. The carbon dioxide is moved through the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea in the form of exhalation.

The alveoli provide a large surface area in the lungs as they are very small, they are highly folded and there are a large amount of them in the lungs. In both the lungs of an adult there are around 300 million alveoli. If the alveoli were to be flattened out the surface area would be around 70 metres squared. The alveoli are well adapted as we require a lot of oxygen to respire at an efficient metabolic rate. This also means that we can transfer carbon dioxide out of our body at an efficient rate so a large amount doesn't stay in our blood as it is very harmful.

Indoor air pollution can occur in the gaseous form (gases and vapors) or as airborne dusts, sprays, fumes, smokes, and mists, Airborne dusts are of major concern because they are related to the widespread occupational lung diseases as well as intoxications such as lead poisoning

The respiratory system is the process responsible for the transportation and exchange of gases into and out of the human body. As we breath in, oxygen in the air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs through a series of air pipes known as the airway and into the lungs. As air is drawn into the lungs and waste gas excreted, it passes through the airway, first through the mouth or nose and through the pharynx, larynx and windpipe – also known as the trachea. At this point it then enters the lungs through the bronchi before finally reaching the air sacs known as alveoli. Within the lungs, through a process known as diffusion, the oxygen is transferred to the blood stream through the alveoli (air ducts) where it is then transported inside

A cloud is a collection of water droplets that have condensed on dust particles suspended in the air.

of the blood and into the alveolar air. Similarly, blood arriving in the alveoli has a lower

This is part of the respiratory system which refers to the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving between the lungs and blood. Within the alveoli, the exchange of gases takes place between the gases inside the alveoli and the blood. Due to the air in the alveoli having a much lower concentration of carbon dioxide.

In normal breathing, air is inhaled into the body via nose or mouth and moving down into the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveolus where gaseous exchange take place (Hadassah Medical Center, n.d. ). A healthy bronchioles has relaxed smooth muscle layer, a thin layer of mucus which lines on the airways and wider lumen of airway so that more air can be inhaled into the lungs as shown in Figure1 (Kenny, 2014). The nose will filter the dust particles or allergens, prevent them from entering into the lungs. These allergens will be trapped by a thin layer of mucus and the cilia will sweep mucus upwards and out of the bronchiole and trachea.

As a result gas exchange takes place in both directions rapidly and effectively along Consequently in the lungs / alveoli's gas exchange occurs into and out to the lungs. This exchange occurs in a rate that occurs rapidly and efficiently. This occurs in a steepest possible concentration gradient.

If a cloud is water vapor, and vapor has weight, why does it float in the air? Well, according to columnist Adams, “a modest-size cloud, has a mass equivalent to one B-747 jumbo jet,” but the cloud`s mass is spread over a big volume of space which causes the density of it to be relatively low. Furthermore, the process of condensation is essential to the water cycle since it is responsible for the formation of a cloud which creates precipitation that allows water to return to the planet`s surface, thus letting the cycle to continue. In order to form a cloud, there are three requirements which, according to Oklahoma Project, are essential. First, water vapor must be present in large amounts. Secondly, cloud condensation nuclei such as dust or salt particles must be present in order to provide a basement for water to condense. Lastly, a cooling mechanism must be present to cool the air temperature to a certain point, allowing clouds to form.

Smog is fundamentally gotten from the converging of two words; smoke and haze. Smog is likewise used to portray the sort of mist which has smoke or sediment in it. Smog is a yellowish or blackish haze framed principally by a blend of poisons in the climate which comprises of fine particles and ground level ozone. Smog which happens principally on account of air contamination, can likewise be characterized as a blend of different gasses with tidy and water vapor. Smog additionally alludes to foggy air that makes breathing troublesome.

Figure 1. Illustration of a total suspended particulate matter samples. From “collecting and measuring airborne particles”, (2013), http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/monitoring/air-pollution/samplers/