African Americans And Native Americans

Dabney is an African-American and European descent whose parents went to a segregated school in Virginia. His great-grandmother of three generations before him were free blacks before the Civil War, but during the war lived in fear that they would be kidnapped and forced to submit to slavery, thus living in constant fear. His grandfather of three generations before him was a white slave owner. This side of the family is where Dabney has a connection with past family members that were Confederate soldiers and members of the Virginia 1861 Secession Convention. His belief is that the Confederate flag represents the men who died at such battles like Manassas, Shiloh, and Gettysburg. He believes that the flag has been a representation of white supremacists groups in America but to deny the historical value of the Confederate flag would just be as wrong as the white supremacists. Dabney’s belief is that people cannot ignore prejudice or the symbol of prejudice by the flag, but that removing the flag from public display will not stop the white supremacists, or the prejudice that they adhere to. He believes that removing the flags would not stop the country from jailing more minorities than whites, and that this country needs to serve its people by resolving these problems with real congressional help and by cultural change and education and not by arguing over a piece of fabric.

Joel Spring’s Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality examines the educational policies in the United States that have resulted in intentional patterns of oppression by Protestant, European Americans against racial and ethnic groups. The historical context of the European American oppressor is helpful in understanding how the dominant group has manipulated the minority groups. These minority groups include Americans who are Native, African, Latin/Hispanic, and Asian. Techniques for deculturalization were applied in attempts to erase the oppressed groups’ previous identities and to assimilate them into society at a level where they could be of

The common bond of slavery is what draws Black Americans together, but is what drives Black Americans and African immigrants apart. Many African immigrants have only read or heard about racial discrimination, but have never faced it first-hand. They admire what Black Americans have done, but when they come to this country they and maintain a separate identity from native-born blacks. Because of the separation, whites were more willing to serve Africans and Black Americans thought African immigrants were receiving better treatment from society (Reddick, 1998). Being Black in America is already a complicated existence, but being a Black immigrant is a very different existence. Black Americans often do not know the country their ancestors came from and feel more American than African or Caribbean. African immigrants are often in an identity complex because often they are not considered Black enough for the Black community and not being American enough for the white communities. They are often overlooked when discussing immigration policies though they are the fastest growing immigration population. Even though African immigrants are more educated and find success they also struggle to find jobs in their field due to racial discrimination (Omara, 2017)

America has come a long way since Columbus began his voyage in 1492. In “Beyond 1492: Encounter in Colonial North America,” James Axtell explains that when it comes to the Indian-European encounter, there’s more to the story than what the average person grasps. Most people know of how the Natives were mistreated and killed off by the Europeans with biological warfare and that a couple thousands of years later the Pilgrims and Natives had their first feast together known as “Thanksgiving”. However, in chapter four, Axtell’s essay describes that surprisingly, there was a “variety of ways Indians responded to the Europeans that invaded their lands in the wake of Columbus.” Axtell chronologically recapitulates the history of the Indian reactions to the European encounters up until the 1700’s and categorizes them into 5 strategies.

Throughout U.S history african american have faced different types of unjust and unfair rom the Civil War to the Civil Rights Movement where black people have either been slaves who tirelessly worked for no pay. Or they were treated as something that was below or better white people

From the start of United States history, Native Americans and African Americans have been in a historical relationship to both assist and oppose the Europeans. Indians were

Whites settlers were moving West to the Great Plain. They were looking to start over with their new land that were wild and untouched. However, many Native American had already been there and the government were building railroads and roads. People rushed to settle in the west to mine for gold. Cities and town along with railroad and roads building at a rapid pace changed the habits of the buffalo. Buffalo were an important symbol in the Native Americans live they used buffalo as their main food source and they use the skin to make clothes and teepee covering , bones for silverware and hunting tools like arrow. The Native Americans make use of the buffalo not a single part was wasted. While White hunts buffalo as a sport and the government hired professional hunter to supply buffalo meat to railroad workers. Before settlers were in the west, the west was home to 60 millions buffalo. By the end of 1870s the buffalo population was less than 1,000 and nearly became extinct. With the nearly extinct buffalo population the Native American understands they have to fight and defend their homelands.The railroads brought numerous changes to Native American. The rails ran through many tribes territories and this bring conflict to both Whites and Native Americans as Native American had different cultural views on how land should be used and used to live on. Railroad also multiply the number American in the West as they can travel faster. The buffalo was the main food source for the

The Indians were not too elated with the Europeans so called “discovery”. The Indians viewed and claimed the land as theirs. This interaction caused the Americans’ idea of the land to change. “The continent of North America was destined by divine providence, to be peopled by one nation, speaking one language, professing one general system of religion, and political principles, and accustomed to one general tenor of social wages, and customs for the common happiness of them all for their peace and prosperity, I believe it is indispensable that they should be associated in one federal union.

From a European stand point, altering the lives of the Native Americans was a perfectly justifiable action. They were uncivilized, and thus must be welcoming of their attempts to convert them to a more advanced manner of living. At the same time, however, they must have notions of owning land, of claiming sections of the Earth as their own, of trade and association of certain objects with high value. This, however, was a paradoxical viewpoint. The main problem that resulted from the intermixing of European and Native American populations was a misunderstanding of what each culture maintained as important within their lives. To the natives, mourning wars, gods who were part of the Earth itself, sacrifices, and any other number of various traditions were natural to who they were. The Europeans, in contrast, valued war as a means of gaining territory, not people; they often were monotheistic, with odd customs all their own, such as self-torture or confession. The differences between the two cultures could have been overcome, perhaps, if there had been some attempt to understand one another’s values. However, as evidenced, Europeans did not attempt to understand without an ultimate aspiration to change.

Since the founding of our country, most immigrants have experienced ascribed discrimination before achieving integration and dynamically constructed group identities while integrating. Before uncovering group identities, though, we must define so-called social construction. Upon arrival, native-born Americans, especially an intolerant group that calls itself nativist, characterize immigrants as admirable or inferior based on observed national, physiognomic, economic, religious, and linguistic traits. In response, groups selectively curated cultural practices within the prevalent socio-historical context to best integrate into American society. Scholars have typified social construction as relative to certain major immigrant groups. Firstly,

Throughout history, relationships between the Native Americans and the United States have been nothing but battle torn, and unfortunately have followed a consistent path of betrayal. There is no denying the universal fact that Native Americans have been unfairly treated and portrayed throughout American history. According to American history written during and after the war the Indian Wars that occurred were very subjective, and prejudiced in its depiction of the Native Americans. For example one work, The Pioneer History of America (1883), is titled, "A popular account of Heroes and Adventurers who, by their valor and war-craft, beat back the savages from the borders of civilization and gave the American forests to the plow and the sickle."

The history of the Native Americans and the white colonist that would become the United States of America have always been a disaster for the Native Americans. The land greed of the whites had driven the tribes of the East west, and destroyed the culture of the Midwestern Plains tribes. Near constant war with the Native American finally appeared to come to a peaceful solution. The Native Americans resisted the American way of life because they did not understand it, education was the key to civilizing the Native Americans. The government’s broken promises and the cruelty of the white settlers were symptoms of the greater Indian problem. The Indians refused to stop being Indians, despite the efforts of Washington and missionaries to teach

When the Europeans immigrated to North America they established the Indian Bureau in the War Department due to the Indian Problem who main goal was to manage the Native Americans. Disease was a huge epidemic it caused tremendous amounts of Native people to die due to no immunity to the diseases. The federal government began the Indian Removal of the Native tribes. From that, the federal government created the boarding schools where they were enculturated by religion, language, physical features, clothing, and vocational education. The Dawes Act contributed to 90 million acres of land loss to Native tribes. The 1982 Merian Report contributed to changing the school system. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 began with assimilating the Sioux nation into the European way of life which effected their health and overall welfare. The Europeans used the education system to assimilate them into their culture and language. Due to the assimilation it affected the Sioux people through the NCLB act. In order to decolonize our people the education system needs respect and to add our cultural side into the pedagogy. In order for Native students to be successful in school they need to acknowledge how important it is to learn our culture in schools. The U.S. Indian office supported the schools to be culturally sensitive and began educating teachers to teach in Native schools. Alaska has experienced the assimilation through boarding schools. Stephen talks about his experience as an educator and

Native Americans and African Americans : Solidarity between African Americans and Native Americans grew with the Black Power movement of the 1970s.

Ever since the European settlements began in the America’s in the early 1500’s, indigenous tribes have endured continuous hardships in order to coexist with white settlements and still maintain a sense of self and native cultural identity. Many of the hardships experienced by the Native American Indians were the results of empty promises made by European settlers who used foreign laws, religion, and language barriers to oppress those Indians who were willing to conform. Later, and further into the development of the United States, foreign laws and languages were used as a premise to manipulate the Native Americans into giving up their promised lands so big businesses could harvest their resources. Because the Native Americans were a