4. EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The data did support my hypothesis as stating that the larger a cell is, the harder it is for diffusion to take place as the surface area to volume ratio decreases throughout evidence supported. There is a pattern in table 5 shows that, the surface area to volume ratio decreases when the agar jelly increases in size from 1cm to 3cm cube by a ratio of 6 to a ratio of 2, showing that average rate of diffusion which decreases as the size of the agar increases has a linkage to cells as cells increase in sizes. ‘If a cell grows beyond a certain size, materials will not be able to pass through the membrane fast enough to accommodate the inside of the cell. So when the cell reaches a size too large, it will
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There were also inaccuracy in the data, using table 4 as an example, the S.D. for trial 12 was 4.9 the smallest unit while the average S.D. unit was 7.2 which is 2.3 units different and proves that the data contains inaccuracy which cannot be completely trusted. The qualitative noted down in Table 1 could be trusted as there is proof that they are correct. Using No. 5 as an example ‘ The larger the cube is, the slower diffusion takes place.’ which is correct as the rate of diffusion is affected by the size of the agar cube. Using another example ‘When stirring, cubes will float so the upper surface have less contact with sulphuric acid’ which is true as sulphuric acid’s acid strength increases it makes it less dense ( according to the graph from the left ), and the sulphuric acid was 1M making the acid less dense allowing the agar to float, decreasing the surface area for the agar to touch the acid ( if not stirred ). http://www2.dupont.com/Clean_Technologies/es_MX/assets/downloads/AnalyticalOptionsforOnline.pdf EVALUATION The S.D. ( Standard deviation ) of the table is calculated through excel but the calculations toward it is: …show more content…
Firstly to make sure that the agar blocks are accurately enough, we could use a tri - square ( 90 degree ruler ) to measure the 90 degrees angles of a cube to make sure that the cubes are sliced or cut correctly. Secondly to make sure that the mixture could be stirred well, we could use a magnetic stirrer so that the string of the mixture is passive and those not fluctuate and increasing the accuracy for the experiment. Lastly, it is to also time the time that the agar is completely diffused by the sulphuric acid which could be used as a comparison between the time took to change the agar - phenolphthalein cubes to become completely clear which could increase the arguments for cell size increasing decreases the rate of diffusion. The amount of data was enough as there are more than 5 different datas for every variable which increase the reliability of the
▪ Surface area to volume ratios and the ability of cells to get nutrients in and waste products out of the cell
1. The relationship between rate of diffusion/ osmosis, volume, and surface area can be easily seen and analyzed through the data that was collected from procedure one: Surface Area and Cell Size. Phenolphthalein is a dye-material in this lab that was used to determine whether a substance was an acid or base. This could be told as the phenolphthalein changed into a murky. Muddled and clouded color when mixed with acids. When the chemical aid was mixed in with a base, the color
After conducting the Mello Jello lab during class this week, my group and I have discovered that Wisk laundry detergent is the best at breaking down foods, or in this case, the Jello. The results most likely ended up being this way because Wisk, I believe, has the most added enzymes which, therefore, makes it able to break down the sugars and some other molecules in Jello easier than the other detergents. Enzymes are a type of protein that acts as a catalyst and is able to cause a reaction that helps break down certain substances such as yeasts faster than they usually would be broken down.
7. Explain how incubation plant tissues in a series of dilutions of sucrose can give an
A major determinant of diffusion in a biological system is membrane permeability. Small, uncharged molecules pass through cellular membranes easily, while most and/or charged molecules cannot pass through the membrane. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, like the plasma membrane
Before beginning this experiment, the completion of an IRB Form and a Written Consent Form for the usage of human participants. After Bethel College agreed to approve this experiment, the testing began. The Bethel College Biology Department approved the materials needed for this experiment. These materials were easily attained from Wal-Mart located in Newton, Kansas which included: three bottles of Listerine Zero Total Care ®, two one hundred count packs of one ounce Kroger ® disposable bathroom cups, one two hundred-fifty count pack of Kroger ® plastic spoons, and one twenty-nine fluid ounce tub of Tropical Life ® Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. The Bethel College Biology Department supplied a laboratory that housed the equipment needed
In conclusion, the potato cube with the highest surface area to volume ratio (the 1x1x1 cube) had the fastest rate of diffusion as it had the largest percentage increase in mass. While all the other cubes of potato had larger increases in mass at face value compared to the smallest cube, the smallest cube had the largest overall gain in percentage. The results support my hypothesis that the smallest cube will have a higher rate of osmosis because it has a proportionally larger amount of surface area compared to its volume.
A. The size of the molecule. The larger molecule will diffuse more slowly than the smaller molecule.
Cells and molecules in the environment are constantly moving and changing, for cells to function properly there is a need for equilibrium to be met. The size of the cell and the solution outside of the cell affects the rate of diffusion and osmosis in the cell. Cells are constantly trying to reach an equilibrium with the molecules and substances around it, which is why there are such terms as: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The procedures allowed testing of whether or not surface area or volume increased diffusion and how different substance control diffusion. Cells are constantly moving to reach equilibrium through diffusion and osmosis.
The experiment proved my hypothesis correct that as the size of the Agar cube grows larger; the diffusion rate will be slower therefore taking up more time. The cubes were put into hydrochloric acid and left by, in order to exchange materials through diffusion, as a sample of cells in real life. As we can see the cube with the largest surface area and volume has the smallest surface area to volume ratio. If the surface area to volume ratio gets too small, then the substances won’t be able to enter the cell fast enough to fuel the reactions, because the surface area controls the rate of the exchange of materials while as the volume grows larger it will need more materials to enter and exit, in a more quicker rate, therefore waste products will start to accumulate within the cell as they will be produced faster than they can be excreted. In addition, the cells will not be able to lose heat fast enough and so may overheat. This was concluded from the experiment, where as the Agar cube dimension were larger, the rate of diffusion was much smaller from the Agar cube with the smaller dimension, where the last had a larger V: SA ratio than the larger cube.
I know that osmosis will occur in the vegetables, but I am not sure of
In order to assimilate diffusion through a permeable membrane potassium permanganate and methylene blue were used in experiment. The objective was to compare the rates at which the liquid compound of different molecular weight diffused through agar. This was achieved by obtaining agar in a petri dish with two wells to hold the liquid compounds. The rate was measured by time and diameter distance diffused. This process was observed for 60 minutes at 15 minute intervals.
Group 1 received 107% for 0.0m, 109% for 0.25m, 112% for 0.5m, and 126% for 0.75m. Group 2 received 100% for 0.0m, 107% for 0.25m, 116% for 0.5m, and 117% for 0.75m. Group 3 received 100% for 0.0m, 106% for 0.25m, 114% for 0.5 m, and 117% for 0.75m. Group 4 received 100% for 0.0m, 106% for 0.25m, 113% for 0.5m, and 116% for 0.75m. Group 5 received 98% for 0.0m, 105% for 0.25m, 110% for 0.5m, and 115% for 0.75m. Group 6 received 104% for 0.0m, 108% for 0.25m, 111% for 0.5m, and 104% for 0.75m. The trend line that occurred for the rate of osmosis was an upward increase as the solute concentration increased.
The following hypothesis was made in regard to effect of the concentration gradient on the rate of diffusion: The higher the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.
Data: Effect of Solute Concentration on Osmosis in Potato Cells (for the 6 groups of our class)