Ageism In African American Women

There are lots of potential effects related to discrimination. It includes things like disempowerment, low self-esteem and self-identity and also marginalisation. I am now going to explain these effects and connect them with a case study.

D1) Assess the possible effects of discrimination on the physical, intellectual, emotional and social health/wellbeing of individuals

Oppression thrives in America because a majority of its citizens believes forms of oppression such as racism and sexism are relics of the past. What they do not know is that instead of disappearing, racism and sexism have just become so normalized in the United States to the point where people see them as just parts of everyday life. Institution are the rules and establishments put in place to help regulate peoples’ life on a social and global scale. White, straight men have been creating these institutions since America was first being settled. These customs and administrations were forged in ways meant to keep out those who White man deemed inferior all the while making their racist and sexist views the norms. When a society’s norms are made by people who see racism and sexism as natural, then women and people of color have no chance to prosper. While over time some of the overtly racist and sexist ideals of the past are now seen in a negative light, the institutions made by the dominate group still exist and continue to work in ways that keep White men on top (Sensoy, 2012, p.80 ). A society was made in which its people are socialized into believing ideas like women do not need any more right and that anything negative people of color experience is their own fault. By examining how sexism and racism continues to oppress minorities in society, it becomes easier to see, how despite no longer being acknowledged, White male supremacy is not a thing of the past.

The potential effects of discrimination generally include physical health problems, mental anxiety, decreased self –esteem and confidence and negative experiences with social interactions. Discrimination can prompt individuals to withdraw socially, lash out at others and participate in violent tendencies

Another effect of discrimination can be seen in the behaviour of individuals. This is particularly noticeable in children, who often display negative behaviours in order to gain attention, even when that attention is negative! Adults and young people as a result of discrimination and low self-esteem can also display negative behavioural traits. However, in these cases the behaviour can take on a much more ‘sinister’ appearance. It may manifest itself as aggression towards those holding power (including health care professionals or those working in the employment and judicial services) and through criminal activity such as drug taking, burglary and physical violence.

Krieger, N. (2012). Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: An ecosocial approach. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 936. doi: 10.2105?AJPH.2011.300544

Throughout the history of the United States, multitudes of social issues arise, fall, and repeat. In the modern day United States, many social issues are currently at hand including abortion, gender pay differences, the minimum wage, gun violence, police brutality, and seemingly excessive college tuition raises, to name a few. One issue that has been brought back to light within the last few years is racism. Many different headlines, buzzwords, and slogans shoot through media outlets including “Systematic Racism” (Bandler, 2016), “Black Lives Matter” (Black Lives Matter, n.d.), “Institutional Racism” (Michaelson, 2015), the list goes on. Many millennials and middle-aged workers are crying out in support and against these claims, calling this a social problem in an effort to show abnormality in the status quo (Davis-Sowers, 2016), as this condition has negative attributes related to individuals or the world that they live in (Leon-Guerrero).

Dating back to several hundreds of years ago, people have always been discriminated against. In today’s society, one might think that discrimination is outdated, however, it happens more than a person might think. Stemming back from how a person was raised to what type of social situations they have been immersed in can result in some sort of discrimination or bias. Three physical characteristics are often times the root cause of most discrimination, race, gender, and age.

The population, which receives the majority of clinical gestalt of discrimination, is the elderly. With the increased number of older adults in the population, more and more clinical psychologists are including this group are among their clients (Lacks, July 1982) It can become easy sometimes to look at a person and make assumptions for the person that you are interviewing. For an example like the elderly woman who was sixty-six years old. When reading the first section a person may have thought to themselves they have been married for awhile. On the other hand, when reading the second exercise it became clear that they were only married for

Oppression and discrimination has plagued our society since early times. As a collective society one would think that over time oppression and discrimination would turn into acceptance and equality. Conversely, our society has taken sluggish steps towards diversity, acceptance and equality. Our society is focused on labeling people and putting them into limiting boxes. Oppression occurs across various groups of people based on gender, sex, race, religion, and disability. Members of these diverse groups are discriminated among work places, schools, and other places. Work places and schools promote diversity and non-discrimination, however little seems to be practiced. Oppression across generation leaves damaging consequences hindering society in the growth towards a more accepting environment.

While stereotyping and systemic racism are broad established categories, there are more specific structural inadequacies within them. The United States law enforcement system is a perfect example. Over the past year, the media has been ripe and bloody with stories of the assault and death of black and brown bodies by police officers. Victims are overwhelmingly black and Latino. In el barrio, jail has ripped apart families, introduced youth to drugs, and changed the direction of some peoples’ lives. Yet the prison industrial complex makes so much money off of these individuals. When there are aspects of American life like this that still exist and thrive, it is hard for new government policies to counteract their effects. It is a constant cycle of “breaking and fixing” people. In order to start improving, not only do new policies need to be introduced, but also old standards and policies need to be eradicated/readjusted. Continuing off of the example of jails, there are so many individuals who are incarcerated instead of being given the help they need. So many people in jail have mental illnesses. In Bourgois’ book, Caesar prides himself on being “crazy,” but in reality he likely suffers from PTSD, depression, and/or other mental illnesses. Candy is aware of her own battered woman syndrome. There are women who

It is expected that individuals with a high association of discrimination will have higher levels of depression, acute smoking, higher body mass index, and number of endocrine conditions. This research will examine the general perceptions of participants based on the social connotations associated with their name and how it could affect their well-being. It is projected that those individuals with excessive amounts of discrimination and stereotyping will also have a larger number cardiovascular risk factors as well as psychological abnormalities.

Although I have studied and read about oppression, social identity, and privilege in other classes, on social media, in the news, and in books, the readings, and videos that I have read and watched in this class have added another layer to my understanding of these issues. Specifically, I have realized that while I give thought to racism, sexism, feminism, and classism, I do not think much about my status as a heterosexual, or that I am able- bodied. I’m free from religious oppression, in fact I’m free to not think of religion at all, and so I have not. I am reminded that I have spent the last decade free from any stereotypes related to ageism, as I was neither young nor old by society’s definition. I have been increasingly mindful about

Over time, this has eventually grown to where we our know, which the income inequality and biases based off this regarding crime and conviction rates. A good example of this is the Black Lives Matter campaign and their responses to the murder of innocent black men by the police. Many of the lives lost were people of colour who lived in what would be classified as a lower-class neighbourhood. These men are being killed by police because of the mistrust the police have for this social group, based off of these biases that have been developed and reinforced by the criminal justice system as well as the public. Many argue that these situations would not have occurred if the men in the situation had been white or it had occurred in a more upper-class neighbourhood. This demonstrates a clear line of inequality and if it could be erased, and all social groups being treated as equal, there would be no need for this movement, because situations like those would no longer

Researchers conducted this experiment by taking two nationally large samples: one in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and one in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), each with a follow up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, Americans were taken at the ages of 50 and older. These participants were interviewed in 2 years and in the interview they received a questionnaire in which they answered questions regarding experience with discrimination and a measure of personality traits. In the Midlife in the United States study,