UNIT 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING SCIENCE
2.1 Aims of Teaching Science
2.2 Objectives of Teaching Science Major objectives Specific objectives
2.3 BLOOM’S Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Cognitive Domain Affective Domain Psychomotor Domain
2.4 Aims and Objectives of Teaching Science at Different Levels. Primary Level Secondary Level Higher Secondary Level Exercises Suggested Reading
Science is one of these human activities that man has created to gratify certain human needs and desires. Science has been pursued for so many centuries and attracted the attention of great scholars. Science gives the knowledge of certain facts and laws and an insight into methods and data. The rapid advancement of science and technology has made it all the more important to provide for science education in the schools. The important value of science is that it has introduced us to new ways of thinking and reasoning. It helps developing consciousness. It has given us a real insight into ourselves and the things around us. It sharpens our intellect and makes us intellectually honest and critical in observation and reasoning. It guides us to arrive at conclusions without any bias or prejudice. This
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This may include the identification of the parts, analysis of the interrelationships and recognition of the organisational principles involved. Learning outcomes here represent a higher intellectual level than comprehension and application because they require an understanding of both the content and the structural form of the material. The assessment verbs that Bloom recommends in this level are- analyse, classify, differentiate, distinguish, infer, point out, select, subdivide,
The development of the scientific method in the late 1500’s to the early 1600’s was a crucial stepping-stone in the science community. The scientific method is based upon observations, hypotheses and experimentation. The concept is rather simple, and can be applied to many areas of study. Once an observation is made, the observer can make a hypothesis as to why that phenomenon occurs and can then design an experiment to prove whether or not that hypotheses is valid. Although the scientific method has been extremely useful in the discovery of various things from usages of medications to studying animal behavior, there are still those who question the usage of this tool. These critics claim that since
Many people of 20th century though, turned for truth in the logic of science. It had made many things simpler for them and had offered them a better standard of living. Even so, as Cat’s Cradle demonstrates, their is both a good and evil side to science. When it is used with careless negligence, the results of manipulating nature can be formidable. It is a tool, and must be used with respect for others. Because of this, there is ultimately a limit to the truth many people search for in this field; although we can advance through science and exploration, it doesn’t take into account human ethics and morals. It therefore doesn’t offer meaning, and it doesn’t offer happiness. One must search for those realizations from
With reference to source 1, 3, 4 and your understanding of the historical context, how valuable are these sources to a historian studying the extent of economic recovery in Germany by 1928?
1. Define science – Science is the development of concepts about the natural world , often by using the scientific method
When teaching natural sciences and technology, teachers need to promote an understanding of seeing these subjects as activities to promote curiosity and enjoyment about the world and that what we encounter around us. The history of science and technology should also be integrated with other subjects. Science and technology should be seen as a contribution to social justice and societal development (Motshekga, 2011). A growing need of discovery in science and technology needs to be promoted in order to form interest in ourselves, society and
Often referred to as the “Father of Our Country,” George Washington (1732-1799) is regarded as one of the most prominent figures in the early history of the the United States of America and a hero of the Revolutionary War. Honest, humble, noble, farmer, commander-in-chief - all words still used this day to describe our country’s first President. After eight years of war fighting for freedom from British tyranny and corruption, the American colonists were ready for peace, an organized government system, and strong leadership in their new-found freedom and as an independence nation. During the American Revolution (1775-1783), Washington worked his way through the military ranks serving as a Major during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), then Colonel under British General Edward Braddock 's army. In August, 1755, Washington was appointed Commander in Chief of the entire Continental Army. “He was sent to the frontier to patrol and protect nearly 400 miles of border with some 700 ill-disciplined colonial troops and a Virginia colonial legislature unwilling to support him”(Biography.com). Although he is credited for winning few battles against the British, he had a powerful ability to keep the struggling colonial army unified and motivated in the war effort despite the lack of military training of the enlisted men, the harsh weather conditions, and lack of food and supplies. Masterminding the defeat of the British forces at Yorktown, Virginia, under British General
Science is important to learn and study because it helps up to understand how things are created and function in the world. Events that happen in the natural world are explained based off of observation and experience.
Our nation’s current health care expenditures have continuously risen over the past years. This issue has escalated because many Americans do not have health care coverage.
Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of
The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories “new” based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what is going on in science, it is clear to me that the scientific world is in a crisis state. According to Kuhn, a crisis state is when science is in the middle of choosing a particular paradigm to work under. For scientists, there is a general theme
The nature and process of science are a collection of things, ideas, and guidelines. “The purpose of science is to learn about and understand our universe more completely” (Science works in specific ways, 3). Science works with evidence from our world. If it doesn’t come from the natural world, it isn’t science. You need to be creative and have flexible thoughts and ideas if you want to be a scientist. Science always brings up new ideas and theories and if you aren’t flexible to those ideas you can’t be a scientist. Science has been in our world for a long time. It is deep into our history and our cultures. The principals of science; are all about understanding our world using the evidence we collect. If we can’t collect evidence on something we simply cannot understand it. If we don’t understanding something about our world, science says that we can learn about it by collecting evidence (Science has principals, 4). Science is a process; it takes time. You don’t immediately come to a conclusion for your hypothesis a few minutes
Science is a great way to begin encouraging children to learn observational skills because one needs to be focused. Getting our youth exposed earlier in the education process could potentially open up minds to a greater understanding. Critical thinking is important in all aspects of life. It is critical to science because science only progresses, in the simplest terms, by uncovering the patterns underlying the materials and processes of nature. Loosely speaking, critical thinking requires one to drop biases, prejudices and assumptions for the simple reason that these can all lead one to the wrong conclusion. If a wrong conclusion is reached it is more difficult to face reality. Acquiring these critical thinking skills will allow students to see our society from a variety of perspectives which is how we begin to make change.
It is human nature to question our reality in an attempt to better understand our surroundings. Science, for me, is the devotion to better understand the world we live in, rooted in the natural and inevitable questions that all humans ask themselves. I believe that by answering the most fundamental questions, the potential technological advancements are much greater than that generated by applied engineering. Nowadays we can thank Einstein 's theory of relativity for
Science has and always will play a constant important role in my daily life, maybe more so than others. Science for me has not always been my strong subject in school and I very easily tend to get intimidated. But when I look at my daily life and realize how much science plays a role in it, I cannot help but smile. Science is not at all bad, it has allowed me to do many things every day, even if I do not take the time to stop and think about it, it is there. From the way the microwave heats up the water for my coffee every morning or the way my body digests the food I eat every meal and makes
Science is an important part of our every day lives. We wake up each morning because we hear the ringing of our alarm clocks and turn on our faucets to wash our faces with warm water. We turn on the lights in our rooms to see our clothes and get dressed and we put our breakfast in the toaster and sip coffee from our mugs. All these things we do in the short time we are rushing to get ready for work or school, are due to the advancement of science and technology.