Air America Research Paper

Upon the French’s exit, the American involvement and commitment escalated with the use of the political establishments in South Vietnam to assist in the curbing the spread of Communism. This presented America an opportunity for them to significantly integrate themselves in the South Vietnamese government to further delay the reunification election from taking place in 1954. The attacks on the US naval vessels during the Gulf of Tonkin incident provided the U.S, under the Johnson administration, another justification for the escalated involvement of the conflict in Vietnam. In which, the U.S responded with the Gulf of Tonkin resolution to launch a full-scale military effort towards the North until their withdrawal from Vietnam in 1969. The desolate gradual departure of America in Vietnam was summarised by Senator James Buckley as “that damning silence of those who cannot find even a single word of compassion for those under Communist tyranny”. It can be inferred from this context that as the situations in Vietnam continue to evolve, the American’s participation also varied to align with these conditions.

In 1960s, the US was faced with another crisis of communist expansion in the war between North and South Vietnam. The Kennedy Administration decided to further pursue their containment strategy out of fear being seen by the international community as weak towards communism. During the Johnson Administration, an attack against American vessels that happened in the Gulf of Tonkin led to President Johnson being granted the ability to conduct broad military operations without congressional approval. The American public began to largely oppose American intervention in Vietnam because the optimistic statements made by the government ran contradictory to the reports of the violent fighting by American news outlets. During the Nixon administration, the US switched to a policy, later known as Vietnamization, where the main goal was to strengthen the South Vietnamese forces and provide them with better armaments so they can better defend themselves. Vietnamization proved to be ineffective as the South Vietnamese forces were unable to hold their own against the North without US air support as proven during Operation Lam Son 719 and the Easter Offensive. The signing of the Paris Peace Accords officially ended US involvement in the Vietnam War. The US followed containment policies during beginning of the war due to the underlying fear of the spread of communism and since the policies were inherited from previous

The Vietnam War was perhaps one of the most controversial and disputed wars in American history. Initially sparked by a communist uprising in northern Vietnam, the war quickly became a scramble for the containment of communism by America and other anti-communist nations. After the communists in North Vietnam defeated the French and relinquished their control over the country, a now independent Vietnam split into two opposing sides, with South Vietnam fighting alongside numerous anti-communist nations in a struggle to prevent the spread of communism. During what seemed to be the final stages of the war, efforts were made to restore peace and temporarily appease North and South Vietnam until some more solid decisions could be made about the fate of the country. These efforts included the Geneva Accords, which were later thwarted, and the signing of the Paris Peace Accords.

The United States was getting ready to join the fight against communist North Vietnam and “developed a plan for air strikes against targets in North Vietnam designed to inflict pain on the North and perhaps retard it's support of the War in the South” (“Vietnam War” 5). The last straw for America was when North Vietnam “deliberately [targeted] U.S. military personnel and bases, beginning with a mortar attack on the U.S. air base at Bien Hog near Saigon in November” of 1963 (“Vietnam War” 6). This was the last straw for the United States and nothing could stop America now from infiltrating into the war. This event

On January 27 of the year 1973, all the major countries came together and the United States agreed they would withdraw all remaining troops and allow North Vietnam to have a presence in the Southern parts.

troops left Vietnam as scheduled followed by further withdraws in September, despite the fact that the North Vietnamese had begun waging attacks, which should have, by Nixon’s own policies delayed any further withdraws. By November of 1972, approximately ninety-five percent of U.S. forces had returned stateside and forced the Vietnamese to take control of the war effort regardless of their ability to do so. In December 1972, following the “Christmas bombing” and subsequent cease-fire agreement, the U.S. agreed to, within 60 days, remove all remaining U.S. forces from Vietnam. By the end of March 1973, all U.S. forces had departed and ended U.S. military involvement in the country of

On March 29 in 1973, the last American troops left Vietnam, leaving thousands of missing behind. The same day, a few hundreds of war prisoners were released in Hanoi. Within a couple of months, the war between the North and the South was restored and it was soon apparent that the communists are more unified and have a military dominance. In Cambodia and Laos, where the fights were not so strong, the communist victory also seemed unavoidable. In March 1975 the northern Vietnam commenced a complete military invasion in the South. Southern president Thieu asked Washington for help, but the democratic majority in the Congress refused and on March 30, the Americans could watch on TV how North-Vietnamese tanks enter Saigon, which was soon renamed to Ho-Chi-Min’s town. Scenes in American embassy in Saigon, where thousands of scared Vietnamese fought for places on board of last American helicopters were a sad ending of the biggest American foreign policy catastrophe.

Air- Unifor represents approximately 14,000 members in this sector. Among this ratio, approximately half work as pilots and customer service agents for airlines such as Air Canada, Jazz and other regional carriers, while the other half, work in support services to the airline industry and work in other service sectors such as maintenance, baggage handling and airline catering. (Unifor website)

     It’s January 27th, 1973 and the Vietnam War is over. Peace agreements were signed in Paris by the South Vietnam Communist forces, North Vietnam, South Vietnam and the United States. The meeting lasted for several hours and in that time they agreed on many objectives, including: that U.S. troops would gradually withdraw from Vietnam and all prisoners of war would be released, South Vietnam had the right to choose their own future (whether or not to unite with North Vietnam), and North Vietnamese troops were given the right to remain in South Vietnam with idea that the troops could not be reinforced (“Vietnam War”).

America’s military attempt in Vietnam displayed extremely necessary use of air forces. An interesting fact I found was that I would believe that innovations would already be made previous to the war, but according to the reading, innovations and air combat advancements were being made as the war progressed. The portion Air War marks some of the most used and essential American aircrafts used in Vietnam which

     U.S. President Lyndon Johnson's decision not to seek reelection in 1968 prompted serious negotiations to end the war to began. Between 1968 and 1969, contacts in Paris between North Vietnam and the United States were expanded to include South Vietnam and the NLF. Under the leadership of President Richard M Nixon, the United States changed its tactics to combine U.S. troop withdrawals with intensified bombing and the invasion of Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia .

American airlines is a corporation that exhibits all of the characteristics of a firm in an industry where good tactical management is the key to success. This company and its regional airline partner American eagle serve almost 250 cities around the world and operate more than 3600 daily flights. Its goal is to provide safe, dependable and friendly air transportation along with related services, making a great effort to transform any experience into a positive one. All of the services that this company has and the image that they are trying to keep in every day activities make each day an inevitable challenge for its employees.

After 3 years of negotiations, leaders from all 3 sides including the United States, the North Vietnamese government, and the Vietcong all came together to sign a final resolution. The resolution named the Paris Peace Accords was signed by all 3 parties on January 27, 1973. Stipulations of the Peace accords required an immediate cease-fire, releasing of all prisoners of war, US bases to be dismantled and it allowed 60 days for US troops to withdraw. It also allowed the South Vietnamese to decide on their future as a country and kept the current division between the south and the north at the 17th parallel. Interestingly, all North Vietnamese troops located in South Vietnam were allowed to remain in their position as long as

In 1958, Communist-led guerrillas, eventually known as the Viet Cong, began to battle the government of the South Vietnamese. The United States then sent 2,000 military advisors t support South Vietnam’s government. This number grew to 16,3000 by 1963. The military force slowly deteriorated. By 1963 the fertile Mekong Delta was lost to the overpowering Viet Cong. The war rose in 1965, when President Johnson issued commencing air strikes on North Vietnam and ground forces, which had risen to 536,000 by 1968. The Tet Offensive by North Vietnam turned many Americans against the waging war. President Nixon, following Johnson, promoted Vietnamization, the withdrawing of American troops and handing over the great responsibility of the war to South Vietnam. Protesting of the war dramatically increased, especially after Nixon’s attempt to slow North Vietnam forces and supplies into the South by sending American forces to destroy supply bases in Cambodia in 1970, which violated Cambodian neutrality. This provoked antiwar protests on many of the United Stats’ college campuses. In 1968 through 1973 attempts were made to end the ongoing conflict through diplomacy. Then in January 1973, an agreement was reached. U.S. forces withdrew from Vietnam and the U.S. POWs were released. In April 1975, South Vietnam surrendered to the North and Vietnam was once again united. The Vietnam War ended, but it took the lives of 58,000

In the early 1970’s, the Vietnamese War became a stalemate between the United States government, and Vietnamese forces; neither side seemed to be making advances, and there was little will to fight. At the same time, both Washington and Hanoi faced internal issues that made the drafting of a peace agreement inevitable. Facing this reality, both sides agreed on drafting a peace agreement. Washington and Hanoi both had particular goals in the signing of the Paris Agreement. According to Asselin, the United States had three purposes in seeking a peace agreement, “…securing the release of American prisoners, withdrawing from Vietnam without formally capitulating, and preserving