Air From Inhaling

'When Breath Becomes Air' by Paul Kalanithi is a poignant and powerful memoir, about living with dignity and poise while staring death in the face.

Veins are made up of more elastic tissue and less smooth muscle and carry blood to the heart from the body. The heart wall has three layers that surround the heart. The outer most layer is the epicardium, middle layer is the myocardium, inner layer is the endocardium.

The blood circulates around the body. The heart contract and relax, this mechanism of heart makes the blood to flow in the arteries to the body from heart and come back from body to heart through veins. The arteries carry oxygenated blood or oxygen rich blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygen poor blood. This flow creates the pressure on the arterial wall and the pressure that is exerted on the arterial wall is known as blood pressure. Blood pressure is expressed by the

I found the differences between arteries and veins are their functions they provide to the heart as well as their structure. Arteries transfers blood away from the heart into the periphery resulting in the pressure of the blood in the arteries being high. Where as, the veins transfer blood towards the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood distributing it in the periphery as the pulmonary artery moves deoxygenated blood into the lungs for purification. The wall of an artery consists of three layers machining it thicker than veins. The elasticity within the layers of the muscle allows arteries to handle great pressures of blood within it. The thickest layer is known as tunica media as the other two are recognized as tunica externa, and tunica interna. The vein obtains blood from the periphery and carries it towards the heart. Veins are known to carry deoxygenated blood and transfers it the heart for purification. The pulmonary vein is known to carry oxygenated blood. However, there are semilunar valves found within the vein that does not allow retrograde flow of blood in preventing blood to flow in the opposite direction. Veins are thinner when compared to arteries consisting of thin elastic muscle layers with one thick layer being the tunica adventitia. Arteries consist of: carrying oxygenated blood expect for the pulmonary artery; deeply found in the body; thick walled and

The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.

The arteries carry the blood away from the heart they have thick walls due to high blood pressure and the walls begin to get narrower as they have left the heart, this also increases pressure of the blood. This means the blood carrying the oxygen and glucose will flow around the body quickly and efficiently. The walls of the arteries are made of smooth muscle and lines with thin, smooth epithelial tissue

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and are the largest of the blood vessels. Arteries are the largest and most muscular because of their function. They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and therefore has force placed on them as the heart contracts and pumps. Veins carry blood back to the heart and lungs to be oxygenated again. The walls of veins are thin, elastic, and the flow of blood through veins are much slower and rely on surrounding muscles to push blood back to the heart. (They also have valves to prevent the backflow of

Chapter twenty is the last one of the circulatory system and it discussed about the blood vessels and circulation. Blood vessels is the distribution network or the network of tubes. There are three main blood vessels in the heart there are artery, veins and lymphatic. The arteries are all the blood vessels that take blood out from the heart. It tends to be thick, strong and tough because all the blood is rushing through the arteries. The arterioles are like the mini arteries that branch off of the arteries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that comes off from the arteries and physically takes blood, oxygen and nutrients inside the blood to the cells that need it. It connects the arteries and vein and the it main function is to exchange

Now the heart is ready to send this blood for pulmonary circulation to the lungs.

Veins - blood pushing from behind (to a much lesser extent than in the arteries; veins run between skeletal muscles and movement helps propel blood along veins; there a valves in veins to prevent back flow; blood is drawn into the veins in the chest cavity when we breathe in the and the pressure in the chest cavity

Veins are blood vessels that return blood from the different structures of the body back to the heart. The veins consist of three layers that make the outermost structure of the body. Tunica Adventitia which is the outermost layer of the blood vessel composed of collagens and is supported by elastic fibres. It contains multifunction cells which are Fibroblasts and Macrophages and also has a Vasa Vasorum which helps the small blood cells supply the walls of large veins. The middle layer is called Tunica Media, which is a thick and smooth muscle that helps the vessel provide support. It also consists of transparent elastic lamellae and external elastic lamina. Tunica Intima is the innermost layer of the vessel and is made from one layer of endothelial

Most veins carry deoxygenated blood, which is a darker color than oxygenated blood. The deep color of blood makes veins appear dark. The heart pumps blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen, then, the oxygen-rich blood is pumped out to your body through your arteries. From your arteries, the blood is bright red; the bright red color of arterial blood is because of a complex that’s formed between hemoglobin, iron, and molecular oxygen. However, as the blood flows through tiny blood vessels (capillaries), it gives up its oxygen to the body's tissues. Your blood, now exhausted of its oxygen, is dark red. It would now return to your heart through your

The capillary exchange is where necessary gases and molecules move between the plasma and the interstitial fluid. Both hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure contribute to this, as they help fluids move in and out of capillaries and through diffusion. Arteries carry blood to the body organs and tissues, and once they reach an organ, branch into small branches called arterioles. These arterioles then branch into capillaries, thin-walled blood vessels, that due to their thin walls are best suited for the exchange of fluid, gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and body tissues. There are two ends of a capillary, arterial and venous. Large tubes known as venules gather blood from the capillaries to form veins. Veins are tubes that carry oxygen-depleted blood to the heart. Collectively, the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure are significant because they

Breathing problems occur for a number of different reasons. The most common long-term reasons are acute sinusitis, allergies, asthma, emphysema and COPD, which is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sometimes the breathing problems last for shorter periods of time. People that suffer from sinusitis may experience trouble breathing through their noses for a week or two, then the nasal cavity starts to drain and the inflammation begins to subside.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts downward to expand the thoracic cavity. The external intercostals further help to expand the thoracic cavity by elevating the ribs. This, in turn, expands the lung volume, allowing the lungs to fill up with air. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity volume to return to it’s original size, and thereby forcing the air out of the lungs (McKinley, 2015, p. 344).