Air Pollution

There are various types of air pollution contributors in California such as fire generated pollutants and vehicle traffic, which add particulate matter and carbon monoxide into the air we breathe. According to an article by Union of Concerned Scientists (Cars, trucks, and air pollution, 2014) particulate matter is made up of fine particles soot and metal that can pose serious threats to human health when deep in the lungs. Other pollutants emitted from vehicles are: nitrogen oxide which lowers the body’s defense system against respiratory infections such as pneumonia, carbon monoxide which blocks oxygen from reaching vital organs, sulfur dioxide which is emitted by both power plants and vehicles affect children and asthmatics, and hazardous air pollutants (toxics) which are chemicals that are linked to cancer, birth defects and other illnesses (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014).

Air Pollution today has lead CDC's fight against environmental -related respiratory illness, including asthma.An estimated number of 6.5 million deaths are attributed each year to poor air quality, making this the world's largest threat to human health.According to the World Energy Outlook and the IEA estimate that death due to household air pollution in Africa may decrease by 110,00 to 2040.However, due to economic growth, urbanization and automobile emissions, outdoor air pollution may rise from 300,00 to 450,000 over the same period. Am going to be looking at the causes of air pollution. the problems emerging with air pollution and also how we as a community can help decrease the amount of death rate associated with air pollution.I remember growing up in Africa Air pollution was always a talk about a subject that always comes out because it is really contagious due to the fact that we are breathing bad air that is caused by our human contribution to the environment.Air pollution is considered to be a public health problem, it is responsible for most of our health problems after some research has been conducted in many different parts of the world and regions. According to the Geochemistry and Health paleopathological research suggests that air pollution is a form of smoke, plagued our oldest ancestors.Air pollution has emerged as one of the leading risk factors for stroke worldwide.

Arizona is on the rise as one of the fastest metropolitan areas in the United States of America. In fact, in 2015 Forbes Magazine ranks Phoenix, Arizona as the 11th fastest growing city in the U.S.1 This growth is due the unprecedented resources and growing opportunities in the state of Arizona. With all of these opportunities come more production, which means more emissions from various industries and cars, more fossil fuels burned, and household and farming chemicals added to the sky. All of these are examples of pollution; which is one the sacrifices that comes with being a large city that is emerging. Pollution is defined as the action or process of making land, water, air, etc., dirty and not safe or suitable to use.2 We understand that Phoenix is a rapidly growing city, but they should be able to grow without being a detriment to the environment and health of their citizens. The purpose of my report is to examine the problem of air pollution in Phoenix, Arizona and look at solutions to fix this problem.

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel available to humans, there is no argument. There is an estimated 3.9 trillion short tons of coal in the USA alone, and that would be only 21% of the entire world's coal (EIA, 2017). That is a massive amount of coal, but no matter how much coal there is, the human race is using it at a rate much faster than the speed at which it can be produced in nature, therefore the resource is bound to be depleted unless current practices are changed. With the current rate at which coal is used in the world, it will only be around for another 50-56 years (Chiras, 2016). Since it will only be around for roughly 50 years, if usage rates continue as they are, it can not be a major energy source for the next 100 years. Not only will coal just simply not last for the next hundred years when used as is, it is also not an environmentally friendly way to produce energy. Coal is the leading air pollutant in the united states with the typical uncontrolled coal plant emitting 3.5 million tons of CO2, 14,100 tons of SO2 per year, 10,300 tons of NOx per year (UCSUSA, 2015). These major air pollutants can result in acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, and a wide variety of human health problems. Coal also emits many more heavy metals and solid particulates into the air every year. These substances pollute the Earth’s atmosphere and result in many problems. Coal produces a great amount of energy, but it also produces a great amount of pollutants that get released into the atmosphere and the environment, therefore it can not be a major source of energy for the next 100 years or more problems will occur. Aside of air pollution from using coal, the extraction and production of coal has adverse effects on the environment too. Surface mining produces several environmental hazards and releases a large quantity of pollutants through erosion and runoff. When land is stripped away to reveal a coal seam, not only does it destroy habitats and quality land, it increases erosion and causes a substantial amount of the materials and sediment to be carried into nearby streams. In Kentucky for example, where contour strip mines were located, the amount of erosion grew about 372 times the original, .18 tons per

As the world we live in today continues to become more focused on “going green” and doing more to protect the environment, clean coal technology is one of the key focal points to look at. In 2003, each person in the United States consumed, on average, 3.7 tons of coal (Ristinen, and Kraushaar 19). This number has obviously increased year by year, and today it looms as a massive number. Coal usage has some well-documented detriments to the environment. Atmospheric problems, sulfur dioxide and acid rain, and global warming issues all can be directly linked to the heavy usage of coal burning. We Americans use massive amounts of coal each year, so naturally finding more clean and

These resources are used in almost all aspects of our lives, they however pose many risks and have a negative impact on our environment. The combustion of coal creates a variety of environmental problems. Gasses such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and carbon dioxide are emitted from coal power plants and into the air and soil (Christensen, 490). These emissions are potent greenhouse gasses that erode Earth 's protective ozone layer and are a contributing factor to climate change (EPA). The Environmental Protection Agency also states, “A warming climate will bring changes that can affect our water supplies, agriculture, power and

“In 2015, the United States generated about 4 trillion kilowatthours of electricity.1 About 67% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum)” (What). This shocked me to hear that statistic. I was aware that the United States does a lot of fossil fuel burning; however, I did not know that we are so reliant on it. The website later said that coal alone is responsible for 33% of the electricity generated in the United States. Coal has always intrigued me since I was young and liked trains, in particular, coal powered trains. So I thought I would look into some statistics and information about the burning of coal. Sourcewatch.org said that “Coal combustion releases nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, mercury, and dozens of other substances known to be hazardous to human health” (Air). There are plenty of chemicals out there that I have never heard of, however, the three listed in the lines above, I have heard before. Although, I do not know much about any of them; so I will look them up.

Consequentially, such carbon based gases “pollute the air near the earth’s surface”, create smog, and increase the amounts of atmospheric greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming as diagrammed in Figure 1 (West, 2009). Coal, for instance, does not always burn cleanly as it often includes toxic elements (West, 2009). Thus the use of coal is hazardous for

Humans have affected the Earth and caused global warming. The Earth’s temperature has fluctuated in history; one of the causes is the growth of the automobile industry and the impact of the industrial gases on the planet’s atmosphere. For example, one of the gases created is carbon dioxide by the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are depletable energy sources such as oils, natural gas, and coal, which were formed millions of years ago. Fossil fuels power automobiles and when the post-World War II population boomed, so did the number of automobiles used, causing more carbon dioxide to be produced. Fossil fuels also created smog, which spread and covered a variety of cities. “Smog is the atmospheric pollutants or gases formed that are released into the air when fuels are burnt” (Flynn). As a matter of fact, the smog and pollution caused harm to all who lived with the smog and pollution. No action was done to help prevent some of the harm, but in 1963, the United States realized how much smog industries were producing and passed the first Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act sets standards for industries but not for the vehicles and by the year 1970, the United States Environmental Protection Agency amended the Clean Air Act to put limits on vehicles. The United States Environmental Protection Agency amended the Clean Air Act because research found huge amounts, roughly eighty percent, of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was from vehicles. The extra carbon dioxide increases

astes of the peels contribute to pollution of the environment. Recently, food industries are being forced by government to develop productions without secondary residues. Therefore, there are considerable emphases on the recovery, recycling and upgrading their by-products. Since these by-products antioxidant activities (Bauer et al., 2012) and could be converted into a range of commercial products (Martínez et al., 2012). For those reasons, different researches have assayed different methods in order to obtain new raw material products from fruits and vegetables processing by products (Calín-Sánchez et al., 2012). Large scale consumption as fresh fruits, the Citrus fruits are mainly processed to produce juice. The waste of Citrus fruits processing industry left after juice extraction, such as peels, pulps and seeds, corresponding to about 50% of the raw processed, fruit can be used as a potential source of valuable by products, (El Adawy et al., 1999). In Egypt and in many Mediterranean countries, major quantities of the peel are not further processed, if not processed further, it becomes waste produce odor, soil pollution, harborage for insects and can give rise to serious environmental pollution, (Mandalari et al., 2006). Some attempts were made to use these residues as livestock feed. Although their low nutritional value allowed only limited success (Bampidis and Robinson, 2006).

Our planet relies on vegetation as a source of oxygen and cutting it down takes away that source. This creates an unstable balance where civilization needs to rely on something else for that missing part of oxygen. To what extent should humans prevent deforestation in major forests worldwide? Forests cover about 30% of our entire planet and scientists are predicting that within the next 50-100 years, deforestation will cause all non-protected forests to be cut down (National Geographic). As stated by the NASA Earth Observatory author and editor Rachel Lindsey, “In the Amazon alone, scientists estimate that the trees contain more carbon than ten years of human produced greenhouse gases” (Lindsey). As people cut down trees on a daily basis, the carbon that is held in the tree is released into the atmosphere, adding to the already present global warming problem. As the trees are cleared, people tend to replace this previously forested area with pastures and fields to grow crops on. This is not only bad for the environment, it additionally creates a hotter climate. Meanwhile, Science News author and previous writer/editor for the Chicago Adler Planetarium Janet Raloff shows readers that nitrous oxide has a large impact on the ozone of our planet, contributing to global warming and climate change. The ozone absorbs most of the radiation coming from the sun to the earth. As trees are cut down, it increases the rate of nitrous oxide released into the atmosphere

In this article, problems of air pollution and the way that they effect the Chinese community are up for debate. There are major concerns with the rise of air pollution in China, the biggest concern being the fact that there were over 1 million deaths due to air pollution in 2015. Although, the community is trying to find ways to fix the problem; some of the potential solutions may be more harmful to the community in the future. Some citizens feel that cutting jobs with heavy machinery and building cars that do not burn fossil fuels are helping reduce air pollution. Although, decisions like these might increase unemployment rates in the future by taking away jobs in these fields. So, what’s more important? Clean air or a financially stable community and economy?

The purpose of this paper is to find the correlation between air pollution and society’s responsibility to promote a cleaner safer environment for its citizens. My research question is: How can society help keep the air we breathe safe? There are so many chemicals and other vapors that are emitted into the air that it becomes a chore for people with respiratory problems, i.e., asthma, to breathe without some assistance and in some cases of older individuals, carry an oxygen tank daily. Can some of these health issues be prevented if we managed our air pollution better?

Air pollution has become exponentially more prominent in the last century alone than across the entirety of human existence. The obvious reason for this is the large increase in man-made emissions that came about after the industrial revolution. Now, transportation is as easy as ever but it’s by and large the largest producer of emissions the world over to the point where it will have a lasting effect long after we’ve adopted alternative solutions towards making the air cleaner.

Almaty is in the list of ten most polluted cities in the world. Even Moscow is on the 14th place, which means that the problem is not in the cars number only. (KazakhstanToday, n.d). Moreover, some of the Kazakhstani experts claim that air pollution in Almaty will soon achieve the critical point (Kapital, 2015). The problem is that both the government and citizens understand the current problem, but there is still no change. Air pollution causes environmental changes, increasing in average temperature and also a lot of illnesses and diseases such as allergies and lungs problems. The problem has to be solved because Almaty is the financial center of Kazakhstan and a lot of people including students, workers, foreign tourists come every year. Almaty does not have a lot of factories, so the main cause of air pollution is transport. Due to increasing of air pollution from transport in Almaty, which causes cardiovascular mortality of 446 people per 100,000 in Almaty (Kenessariyev et al,2013) , the problem has to be solved by building more metro stations, prohibiting old cars coming to the city and promoting using pollution-free clean natural gas.