Airway Management Plan

METHODS: One hundred and fifty ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective, non-cardiac procedures were randomised, to one of the three treatments such as either normal saline or lignocaine 2mg/kg or fentanyl 2mcg/kg. Intubation was carried out 3 minutes after administration of these study drugs. Patients received Midazolam before induction, and Thiopental, Rocuronium during anaesthesia. The heart rate, blood pressure and SPO2 were recorded a day before (B),

The key concept underpinning the role of the anaesthetic nurse in an unanticipated difficult intubation as part of the multidisciplinary theatre team is essential; as a lead provider of compassionate anaesthetic care (Fynes et al, 2014), as a communicator, have the courage to advocate, be competent and committed (DOH, 2012). These are very important for enhancing patient anaesthetic care and improving patient safety (NPSA, 2010). And above, to improve the knowledge and skills by continuous training is vital in the event of a difficult intubation in adults, pregnant women and children (Brien and Conlon, 2013; Clark and Nolan, 2010). The incident confirms that to improve airway management, especially in the event of a difficult intubation planning, training and practising (such as in simulation centres) for the unanticipated difficult airway for the anaesthetist, anaesthetic nurse and theatre staff as a whole, is vital and it highlighted that our practice around managing the airway needs to be improved and constantly updated (Mellanby, Podmore and McNarry, 2014), and that is why I have applied to take part in the new airway simulation training

One of the most important things to maintain a trauma patients airway is ensuring that you have adequate help around (Stephens, 2011). This is important because there are many different tasks that must be delegated in maintaining this persons airway. Some of these processes include opening the airway, suctioning the airway, inserting the proper adjunct, and maintaining

In the operating room, one of the most important jobs is that of an anesthesiologist. He or she is a medical doctor who administers anesthesia, a drug used to reduce pain, to a patient during a surgical procedure. An anesthesiologist is responsible for monitoring the patient before, during, and after the surgical procedure to ensure the correct dosage of anesthesia is administered and to deal with any allergic reactions to or complications with the drug. Before administering the drug, an anesthesiologist must carefully review a patient’s medical history and condition to find the correct dosage of anesthesia needed. He or she must also meet with the patient to explain what will be happening when the patient is under the influence of the drug.

3. Teach patient effective ways to cough and breathe (deep breath, hold for 2 seconds and cough 3 times with their mouth open).

A patient’s journey throughout the surgical process can often be a frightening and unpredictable time in a person’s life (Short & Gordon, 2015). It is therefore vital for nurses to provide holistic and safe patient centred care, in order to meet the needs of each patient through their experience (Short & Gordon, 2015). The following essay will explore the surgical journey and nursing considerations of a patient undergoing a surgical procedure. Firstly, it will address important nursing factors relevant to the preadmission and perioperative stages of care. It will then address relevant nursing factors relevant to the anaesthetic stages of care, during the surgical process.

Developed in 1941, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification was created to establish a scoring system (I to V) for the evaluation of a patient’s general health and comorbidities immediately before an operative procedure. (Sakad, Keats) This score is designed to identify surgical patients at risk for developing postoperative complications, taking into account the patient’s physical state and neglecting the surgical impact (type, complexity and urgency). It has been established as a significant predictive factor for perioperative risk assessment, perioperative mortality, complication rates, and postoperative outcomes in multiple surgical specialties. ( Menke, Wolters, Prause, Conners) Similarly, our data shows a good predictability of mortality by the ASA PS. It has undergone slight modification by the ASA to a scale of 6 numbers and is now widely used for preoperative

Respiratory emergencies can be caused by obstructions, inflammations, trauma, and several different disease processes. The most common obstruction of the airway is the tongue. This usually occurs when the patient has become unconscious secondary to another cause such as intoxication, low blood sugar, or trauma. While tongue obstruction of the airway can have deadly results, it can be easily solved by re-positioning the airway using the either the jaw thrust maneuver if trauma is suspected, or the head-tilt chin-lift if no trauma is suspected. Also if the patient is unconscious and has no gag reflex you can use an oropharyngeal airway to hold the tongue up and out of the airway. However, using an oropharyngeal airway does not mean that you can

Patients undergoing general anesthesia were typically given one or a combination of the following agents: propofol, nitrous oxide, desflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. Once the patients were intubated, they were placed in the prone position on a standard operating frame. When the general anesthetic course was complete, the anesthetic agents were discontinued and 100% O2 was administered via endotracheal intubation or ventilation mask. Patients were then extubated when appropriate and transported to the PACU. Patients were monitored by the PACU nursing staff until they were deemed awake, alert, and responsive, and stable before transfer to the floor. IV analgesia was also administered patients during their PACU stay, and patients were given a patient-controlled analgesia

A Cormack and Lehane grade 2 view was obtained during laryngoscopy with a mackintosh 3 blade. A 6.5 cuffless nasal Ring, Adair and Elwyn tube was placed without difficulty.

An Asthma Action plan is a written plan that offers information and teaching on how patients can manage their asthma in other to keep it under control or reduce the incidence of exacerbation (AAFA, 2017). It is imperative for patients with asthma to have an Asthma Action Plan in order to reduce as well as prevent frequent exacerbations and emergency room visits (Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America [AAFA], 2017). The National Health Institute in CDC (2015) categorized the Asthma Treatment Plan in three zones: Green is healthy zone, a Yellow zone is a caution or worsening asthma zone, and Red zone is an emergency that needs immediate medical attention.

They provide more effective healthcare, improve timeliness of healthcare service, and overall make the process more efficient. However, there are times when errors occur and to fix these errors there are many tips and tools to extinguish them. More specifically, solutions should be planned in advance before the error occurs. There will always be errors but solutions help soften the blow.

Preoperative examination of the airway is essential. Identification of patients with a potentially difficult airway before anesthesia allows time to plan an appropriate anesthetic technique. Previous anesthetic records should always be consulted. However, a past record of normal tracheal intubation is no guarantee against difficulty on subsequent occasions as airway anatomy can be altered as in trauma affecting the airway. The presence of stridor or hoarse voice is warning sign for the anesthetist. As it is impossible to identify all patients with a difficult airway during preoperative assessment, the anesthetist must be prepared to manage the unexpected difficult laryngoscopy (Alan et al,. 2001).

Nearly 50% of patients with infective airway diseases are at an increased risk of developing Acute Lung Injury or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Endotracheal intubation may be lifesaving in these situations, as they allow provision of adequate tissue oxygenation, reduce the respiratory muscle effort and avert hemodynamic embarrassment. Over the last 20 years, many clinical evidences have highlighted the harmful consequences of invasive mechanical ventilation such as Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and excessive mechanical stress leading to perpetuation of lung injury.

Careful airway assessment before the induction of anaesthesia is of utmost importance as poor airway management has been recognized as a serious patient safety concern for almost three decades. Although vast improvements in patient monitoring, airway devices, and clinical protocols and training have reduced the risk associated with an unpredicted difficult airway (DA), these advancements have not reduced the incidence of unexpected DAs in clinical