Alan Turing Essay

However when the bombes and colossuses were installed women, known as wrens, were recruited from the navy to operate the new machines. The way Bletchley Park got encrypted messages were from ‘Y centres’ which were set up all-over England, who intercepted the German messages and sent it to Bletchley Park. In Bletchley Park the messages would be sent to Hut 3 where they would be decrypted. Once that had been done the messages would be sent by a small passage way, pushed by a broom, to hut 6 where they would be changed from German (or later Japanese, Italian, as they were on Germany’s side) to English. It would then go into the index of messages in hut 6.

During World War II, the Germans used a type of code that is almost impossible to break. They used this code to communicate between each other and would get directions of where to go and also state where their locations are through that code. What made that code unique was the way that they used it. The way their code worked would be that someone would write a letter in a machine, and then the machine would print a coded version of the message. But that was not the worst part of it. At the end of every day, they would change the key to the messages, all at the same time in a synchronized manner. The way that the Enigma machine was built made it even more complicated to understand. “There are approximately 150,000,000,000,000 - that is, 150 million million - possible combination” (Claire Ellis “Exploring the Enigma”). Alan Turing started working in a

5 remarkable British scientists had gotten their hands on an actual Enigma machine smuggled out of Berlin. They had put tremendous effort into decoding the Nazi's messages by using their cryptanalytic abilities but had failed because of the lack of information on the machine's

Gordon continued to work in Bletchley Park. He knew that the cryptographers had to be close, and they needed increased facilities while Turing was working on The Bombe. After World War II in 1948, Welchman moved to the United States, and taught computers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). That same year, Gordon worked on the secure communication in the US military, and retired in 1971.

Enigma Machine was a secret code that was used by the Germans to direct ground-to-air

Additionally, Britain’s success in the battle for the Atlantic was also crucial to the outcome of the war. In order for the allies to have won the battle, they needed to not only avoid the U-boats but also attack them (Pearson, 162) they managed to do this by cracking the Enigma code where the Germans were sending coded messages to and from submarines. The allies had an enigma machine before the outbreak of World War II which helped British code breakers stationed at Bletchley Park to crack the Enigma code. (IA SOURCE) This is considered to be crucial to the outcome of the war as the Allies had an intelligence advantage over the Axis powers, allowing the allies to know exactly what and where the Germans were planning to attack. The Enigma codes

Example:# 2 Morse worked to create more code he had to create morse code because at the time they didn't have the technology to recreate someone's voice like the cell phone does today. He created it by giving each letter eather one two or three long/short beeps.

The plugboard allowed the machine to change letter pairs before and after the signal went to the rotors giving strength to the encryption. This machine was used by the Nazi’s to send crucial wartime messages and a lot of time was spent trying to break the encryption. There was some Polish codebreakers that made great strides in cracking the enigma codes and had even built electro-mechanical machines — bombas — to simulate the workings of the enigma. With information obtained from the Poles and Alan Turing leading the attempt for the British, Alan was able to strategize a way to crack the enigma code without solving it with brute force.

German engineers used the most complicated technology to create their enigma machine. The cryptologist Philip Marks states, “Though Enigma had some cryptographic weaknesses, in practice it was German procedural flaws, operator mistakes, failure to systematically introduce changes in encipherment procedures, and Allied capture of key tables and hardware that, during the war, enabled Allied cryptologists to succeed and ‘turned the tide’ in the Allies' favour. ”[1 ] Most enigma machines had three rotors that would code the letters that were inputted into the machine.

He was born on May 17, 1749, in, England. He received his work at Chipping Sodbury, from eight years as an apprentice . During his work, an interesting thing happened that led to his largely famous discovery in years. He overheard someone say that they could not get the Smallpox disease because she had already had another disease. This showed a desire inside himself to carry out a research on

Encryption has been used for centuries as a way to obscure messages and hide information from prying eyes. Over the years, encryption technology has grown both more complicated and increasingly difficult to crack. One of the first electronic cryptographic technologies considered to be unbreakable was the Enigma encryption device, or simply enigma. Enigma was used by the Germans in World War II in order to communicate secretly and avoid eavesdropping. The Enigma machine was made up of a series of rotors and plugs that worked together to change the value of

During World War II, wireless radio communication was imperative for directing military forces spread throughout the world. However, these radio messages could be intercepted which meant that the secret information such as military plans and orders had to be transmitted in code. All the major war powers used complex machines that turned ordinary text into secret codes. (Cryptology in WWII) The Enigma machine, the device that the German’s used to encode their radio messages, was produced commercially beginning in the early 1920s. (Britannica) The Polish Cipher Bureau had the earliest success in breaking the German Enigma code. From 1932–33 Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski deduced the pattern of wiring inside the three rotating wheels of the Enigma machine. He was helped by photographs, received from the French secret service, showing pages of an Enigma operating manual, as well as a German traitor (Cryptology in WWII). Between 1933 and 1939 they were able to read the encrypted German transmissions. In 1939 the codebreaking information,

At the age of 11, he started his studies at St. Albans School before moving on to University College where he majored in Physics. After leaving University College he attended Cambridge, where he obtained his Ph.D. in Cosmology. At the early age of 21, Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with a debilitating disease- ALS; however, as the disease slowed and stopped the use of his body, it did not stop his love of science. He was given two years to

"In 1906, he began studying mechanical engineering in Berlin, and in 1908 he went to Victoria University, Manchester to study for his post-graduate degree in engineering and aeronautics," according to The Basics of Philosophy. At first, he started to study engineering and aeronautics, but later on would find interest in the foundations of mathematics. And from his newly found interest in the foundations of mathematics, he had gone to find Bertrand Russell, who had co-written, "Principia Mathematica" which had inspired to look into the foundations of mathematics in the first

He was born in 1856 in Philadelphia and attended Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire in 1872. He was forced to leave plans to attend Harvard due to his eyesight weakening from night study. He apprenticed to understand the trades of patternmaker and machinist when he got his eyesight restored in 1875.