Alan Turing's Astonishing Reappraisal

Currently, computers are used for everything in life. For example, from researching for a large essay project to playing video games with friends. “From the outset, computers were weighed for both military and commercial significance, and hence they straddled the very institutional boundaries that central to this study. It is also significant that computers became valuable research instruments in nearly all disciplines.” (Akera, 2). The first digital computer was constructed in 1946 by John Mauchly, a professor, and Presper Eckert, an inventor. “They met by chance in 1941 at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Engineering. They soon developed a revolutionary vision: to use electricity as a means of computing--in other words, to make electricity "think."” (McCartney, 1). They were ignored by their colleagues, but in 1943 they were becoming more well known and was funded by the U.S Army. The U.S Army was seeking for a contraption that can quickly calculate ballistic missile trajectories in wartime Europe and Africa (McCartney, 1). John Mauchly and Presper Eckert led a team that constructed the computer that occupied 1,800 square feet and weighed thirty tons. They named the large computer, ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The process of building this machine was not an effortless task, Mauchly and Presper and their team had to overcome many problems

Along with Carr using the extrinsic truth, he also made sure to include the intrinsic aspect to each example. The digital computer spoken of in the section wasn’t invented at the time, therefore Turing was only but assuming. Carr said in his article that Alan Turing proved the functions of the computer, but gives no details into how he proved it.

Although the effect of Turing’s contribution cannot be quantifiable in the Battle of the Atlantic or even the war in general, it is agreeable that with Ultra, the Allies had an upper hand in winning the war. The Allies essentially knew what the Germans were thinking, their ways, actions, and habits. This provided tremendous amounts of information for the Allies, which then benefited their strategies of approaching the

In history, numerous innocent people died due to atrocities. World War II is an historical event that can be considered as one of the most awful, deplorable, and destructive. Soldiers, mothers, fathers, adults, and children died. World War II resulted in the deaths of approximately 60 million people (Dan). Many nations, and groups mobilized together in order to fight back against the Nazis, including the scientific community. When United Kingdom declared war on Germany, Alan Turing and his team worked together to break the code of the Enigma machine and thus have access to the German military communication (Lendl). This essay is about Alan Turing’s accomplishments. In order to clearly explain his accomplishments, in this essay I will focus

Alan Turing and Grace Hopper are considered two of the most famous pioneer in computer science, it’s because of their contribution in the past that mankind can achieve lots of great things and have a peaceful life as we know. Alan Turing is the person who invented the Turing Machine which is the hypothetical machine that every modern computer nowadays all base on. Grace Hopper is the one who developed the first compiler for computer programming language – a tool to translate human language into computer language. Even though Alan Turing and Grace Hopper come from a different country, have different background, they still have similarities in their life like education background and their career

In a world that is currently dominated by computers, it’s hard to imagine what it was like before they were invented. Though computers only began having a major influence in the last 60 years, the idea for them was first conceived almost 200 years ago. This technology would not have been possible without the work of Ada Lovelace, who is considered one of the pioneers in the field of computer programming. She had a vision of the possible benefits and capabilities of a computing machine. Even though she would never see her vision become a reality, her legacy and work had a lasting impact on the future of technology. However, during her lifetime she experienced multiple setbacks in pursuing her education

Today, the Turing Bombe is not used by the military, yet the machine inspires and reminds of the importance of sciences as World War II was won with the help of the scientific community. Now, the machines are exposed in the British Museum and are part of history. Soldiers and scientific community fought against the Nazis. After World War II, Alan Turing continued to devote himself for his passion of sciences, cryptanalysis, and computers. For instance, Turing is known as the father-creator of computers as in 1941, he designed the Colossus computer (Notes). In addition, he is recognized as an important figure in the scientific community and contributed largely to everyone’s lives, as computers are indispensable in today’s generation.

Since the time the computer was created, there have been wild fantasy stories about computers taking over the world. During the 1950’s, when “The Machine that Won the War” was written, the first programmable computers were just being made. These computers were a glimpse of how the world was about to change. Isaac Asimov takes advantage of the new fascination of America in his writings. “The Machine that Won the War” is a science fiction story that shows that technology no matter how advanced will always still rely on humans and how humans will never grow to fully trust technology.

Turing’s story of code breaking and his much less known but equally fundamental article “The

The author starts with introduction saying a little bit about herself and how she met first time the issue how computer is taking part of our daily live ,, My first encounters with how computers change the way we think came soon after I joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1970s”, p.37. From this citation we can deduct

Within the last thirty years, the pioneering British computer scientist and Cambridge academic Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) has undergone an astonishing cultural reappraisal. Turing was never particularly famous during his own lifetime, and almost forgotten for two decades after his passing. But his work on cryptography at Bletchley Park, his key 1937 paper On Computable Numbers, and his early digital machines such as the programmable Pilot ACE and his 1947-1954 work at the University of Manchester was unquestionably used and appreciated while he still lived, although not always publicly. 1 Turing's contributions were also long acknowledged within his own discipline as an indispensable foundation for greater achievement. The Association for Computing Machinery awarded the prestigious A.M. Turing prize for superlative excellence as early as 1966, for example. 2

Once the Allies triumphantly claimed victory 1945, advancements in computers dwindled. It was only in 1958, thirteen years later, that the computing

Ada Lovelace is most known for her contributions to computer science during a time before computer science was a recognized discipline. Her work involved a thorough series of notes on Charles Babbage’s analytical engine, including a table that explained how the engine could potentially display Bernoulli numbers (Martin, 2015). The analytical engine was an industrial-era invention intended to carry out computations using punched cards (Martin, 2015). She was tasked with translating Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea’s notes on Babbage’s analytical engine, which she published in 1843 (Martin, 2015). Ada’s notes on the analytical engine were much greater than the original translation, and she was able to realize the true potential of the analytical engine. She was able to come up with an algorithm for the analytical engine that could be used to calculate Bernoulli

Getting information to the reader on computers and computer programming is the purpose of this essay, so there is no need to cover what one would need to know, as it will be explained. It is a crime that the people who have worked to create computers, and programming today have little to no place in the current history books. Although there has been the occasional movie such as The Imitation Game for the most part the history of computer programming has been criminally under reported. For some people like Jim Daniels a computer engineer and teacher at

Zuse was a civil engineer and he is known as the inventor of world’s first programmable computer. He was born in Berlin, he started to study mechanical engineering but later on he changed his mind to become a civil engineer. He had to do repetitive calculations in civil engineering that led him to think about automating the task. After getting his civil engineering degree he start working as stress analyzer but soon he left his job to start his own company. Zuse make a calculator with a new kind of mechanical assembly and he called it Z1 that became operational in 1938, and it was floating point binary calculator. In 1939 army gave him chance to build Z2. And in 1940 he explained Z2 to the experts of German Research Institute for Aviation. And it helped him to convince them to finance the development of Z3, Z3 became operational in 1941, it was built with the same logic of Z1 but it uses electric telephony relays. In 1940 he makes S1 and S2 computing machines.S2 was used as a converter (analog to digital converter). Zuse is also known as the creator of first high level programming language called Plankalkül (calculus of programs), it was the first algorithmic language devised by Zuse. He constructed logistic machines and algebraic machines; algebraic machine can do scientific computations. Plankalkül represents the idea of Zuse about how to assign work to computer hardware