Albert Bandura 's Theory Of Observational Learning

His education was astounding. While he was in high school he was considered the class clown and made C averages. After high school graduating Penncrest High School in 1962, he joined the United States Navy. He served a four year term in the Navy before continuing his education. He got his bachelor's degree in Gallaudet University in 1970 . His Master's degree in Psychology at University of Tennessee in 1971. He also got his PHD in Psychology

Bandura earned his master's degree in 1951, and had a PhD in clinical psychology by the end of the following year at the young age of 27. Once his academic education was complete, he chose to spend a year in Wichita, Kansas involved in an internship at the Wichita Guidance Center. In 1953, he joined the faculty at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California where he has remained to this day.

Today violence has become an every day experience in life. Playing video games or turning on the television, and flipping through the channels at random, you will most likely stumble upon various forms of violence. Does it desensitize or help us tolerate violence? And the most controversial issue, does it cause violence?

Observational learning and cognitive variables help explain human behavior and can be utilized in a wide variety of areas. The Social Learning Theory (SLT) suggests that individuals learn a considerable amount of their behavior by observation and imitation of others (Powell, Honey, & Symbaluk 2017. It can be used to produce distinct interventions and treatments for those in need. A review of a variety of studies in aggression, stalking, business, and simulations investigate distinct ways to make use of the many components of the SLT. It was concluded that the SLT is diverse, it allows the creation of different treatments that help individuals in numerous areas.

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory describes the process through which people acquire new info, forms of behavior, or attitudes from others firsthand or vicariously. The likelihood of a behavior presenting itself will rely on the amount of reinforcement it receives and the value that the individual associates to it. While some behavior may be rewarded, others may produce unfavorable responses. An individual will learn from the consequences of these actions and when a similar situation arises, they will alter their behavior according to what was most successful in the past.

Psychologist, born in Susquhanna, Pa. He studied at Harvard, teaching there (1931-6, 1947-74). A leading behaviorist, he is a proponent of operant conditioning, and the inventor of the Skinner box for facilitating experimental observations.

Stanley Milgram was born August 15, 1933 in New York City. He was born to his parents Samuel and Adele Milgram, who were Jewish immigrants. Milgram always showed interest in science even at a young age. Later he completed high school in just three years. Milgram attended Queens College and graduated in 1954 with his Bachelors in Political Science. He continued his education, but instead in the field of psychology, at Harvard University. At Harvard University his mentor was Gordon Allport, a famous psychologist. Milgram was also a research assistant to Soloman Asch, another famous psychologist who was interested in conformity, it was during this time that Asch somewhat influenced Milgram into wanting to know more about obedience. Which later

May then went to Oberlin College in Ohio where he obtained his bachelor?s degree in 1930. May received his Bachelor of Divinity degree, cum laude, from Union Theological Seminary in 1938. While pursuing his Divinity degree, May studied with and was greatly influenced by Paul Tillich and Reinhold Neibuhr (Bugental, 1996). He later studied psychoanalysis at White Institute, where he met Harry Stack Sullivan ? who was the first American to develop a comprehensive theory of personality - and Erich Fromm who made Freedom central to his theory. In 1949, May received the first PhD ever awarded by Columbia University for clinical psychology. He received this honor summa cum laude. Throughout his life, Rollo May received honorary doctorates from many additional institutions (Bugental,

In Skinner’s higher education, he attended Hamilton College in New York, where he majored in English Literature to become a writer ( ). Soon after college, Skinner tried to write his first psychological novel but failed to do so because of family trouble and lack of success. After becoming discontent with his literary skills, and inspired by John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov’s Behaviorism, he obtained a degree in psychology from Harvard University in 1928. Soon after, Skinner graduated with his PhD from Harvard in 1931, which led him to the development of his influential operant behaviorism ( ).

According to Bandura (Wortley, 2011), people acquire behaviour through a process of observation and imitation called modelling. There are three main models for observational learning: familiar models in which a person imitates the behaviour of a family member, subculture models in which a person imitates the behaviour of a member of one’s subculture, and symbolic models where an individual imitates the behaviour represented symbolically through words and pictures such as television. Furthermore, Bandura claimed that there were four factors required for the success of modelling: attention, retention, reproduction, and reinforcement. First, an individual must show attention to a model. The more attention shown depends on the frequency the

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory is a theory that includes development theories in order to understand how children learn. Bandura’s theory is based on how people can learn by observing others, how internal mental states influence people, and how learning something does not change one’s behavior every time. Bandura was able to find out that people learn by three observational models. The first model is the live model which includes observing how someone demonstrates the behavior, the verbal instruction model which learning occurs through auditory directions, and the symbolic model where modeling occurs through media sources such as internet, movies, and books.

Bruner was born and raised in New York City, Bruner graduated high school in 1933 and went on to major in psychology at Duke University; earning an AB degree in 1937. Subsequently, Bruner pursued a graduate study at Harvard University receiving the MA in 1939 and a Ph.D. in 1941.

Albert Bandura is considered the developer of social learning theory, which is also known as social cognitive theory (Corey, 2013; Feist et al., 2013; Thoma et al., 2015). Badura’s theory, while based upon the principles of behaviorism, departs from the traditional behavioral model and leaves room for the exploration of unobservable mental states and their influence on behavior (Corey, 2013; Thoma et al., 2015). Social Cognitive theory bases its theory of learning on two types of learning processes: observational learning and enactive learning (Feist et al., 2013). In contrast to Skinner’s belief that reinforcement is required for learning, Bandura believes that learning is possible simply by observing the behavior of others; while reinforcement facilitates learning, it is not a necessary requirement (Feist et al., 2013). Enactive learning is learning through direct experience, and is similar to the concept of operant conditioning; people determine appropriate behaviors by evaluating their behavior and the potential consequences thereof (Feist et al., 2013). Where behavioral theory adopts the ABC approach to behavior, social cognitive theory uses a BPE approach known as Triadic Reciprocal Causation. In TRC, BPE stands for behavior, person variables, and environment (Feist et al., 2013). Within the TRC, the term person encompasses many variables including memory, judging, anticipation, gender, social position, physical attributes, and planning; the belief is that

Based on Bandura’s social learning theory, human development is continuous. This concludes that people are constantly changing, developing, gathering skills, watching and performing. Using Ben as an example, he gradually learned certain things in the ESL classroom. As I previously mentioned, writing was very difficult for him upon arriving to the U.S. Ben first learned how to hold a pencil properly, overserving from others and pictures that we provided to him, then he learned how to write his ABC’s, next he learned how to spell his name, and lastly proceeded to form words and write out short paragraphs independently. This demonstrates a smooth process, which Ben had to perform before attempting to write short papers in class.