Albert Ellis Research Paper

Regardless of its debilitating effects on the mind, anxiety and depression can be treated effectively through means of therapy or medication. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis are the two brilliant pioneers of cognitive therapy who have both developed effectual methods of redirection for those who seek assistance regarding their mental health. Cognitive therapy as a whole is centralized in guiding clients to walk through their thought process in order to identify distorted patterns of thinking as well as how to distinguish between reality and their negative perceptions of life events. Aaron Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses upon the correlation between cognitive thinking, emotion, and behavior and how all three can inevitably compel an individual to interpret life situations in a negative manner and adopt maladaptive responses and behavior in return. Beck proposed that the cognitive triad previously mentioned consists of a negative view of oneself, the world, and of the future is ultimately what drives the individual to have distorted and maladaptive perceptions and thoughts. Meanwhile, Albert Ellis believed that irrational thinking is the culprit for negatively skewed perceptions of life’s outcomes. His form of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) reinforces the idea that irrational thinking is what leads the individual to perceive life negatively or enables maladaptive behaviors to occur. For instance, when an activating event or objective situation leads to

Here he established Psychology as a discipline. The first U.S. psychology lab didn’t come until 1883, when G. Stanley Hall opened a lab at John Hopkins University. In addition to this, in 1892 he develops the American Psychological Association (APA) and later founds the American Journal of Psychology (1887) and Journal of Applied Psychology (1917). William James develops the theory of Functionalism in the 19th century which focuses on acts and functions of the mind (consciousness). Sigmund Freud introduces Psychoanalysis in 1896. He concludes that powerful unconscious drives and conflicts motivate people. People are motivated by powerful, unconscious drives and conflicts. Also in 1896, Structuralism (focused on the contents of the mind) develops and is introduced to the U.S. in a 1901 publication by Edward Titchener, Manual of Experimental Psychology. In the year 1900, Sigmund Freud’s theory “The Interpretation of Dreams” is published. Mary Calkins is the first elected woman president of the APA in 1904. She was however, denied her Ph.D. after studying at Harvard University due to her gender. Clifford Beers details his personal experiences as a patient in a mental asylum during the 19th century in his publication A Mind That Found Itself. Through this publication he called for humane treatment and better education about mental illness. In 1913, the theory of Behaviorism develops which focuses on observable and measurable behavior. Psychiatrist, Hans Berger invents the electroencephalogram in 1929 and tests it on his son. Kurt Koffka develops Principles of Gestalt Psychology in 1935. B.F. Skinner introduces his theory of Operant Conditioning in 1938. The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children (1945) by Anna Freud introduces concepts in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis of children. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) established in 1949. The

the brain stores knowledge, and how humans use knowledge. Neisser was concerned that cognitive psychology was starting to become distant from reality. Therefore, he suggested that cognitive psychologist redirect their interested attention and pay more attention to the world in which cognition is lively occurring. A few more important figures in our society to the cognition world would be Aaron Beck, Albert Ellis, and Walter Mischel. Beck was a developer of cognitive therapy by which is now used to help disorders that vary from depression, panic attacks, eating disorders, and even addictions. Becks therapy fell right into the works of Ellis, who created behavioral therapy to help like rational-emotive therapy.Then, Mischel took both of these therapies and combined their theories to focus on personality formation and the issues with the conscious. As studies continued, the obvious came along that nothing is perfect including our minds. By this, psychologist found mental disorders. The study of these disorders are known as Psychopathology.

From the lens of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, an integrated mix of both cognitive and behavioral approaches is best suited the treatment of clients. All the approaches under Cognitive Behavioral Therapy require several different attributes. Some of them being; the need for a positive working relationship between client and therapist, the belief that distress is a cognitive process, treatment is a focus in changing cognitions to create positive change in mood or behavior. Changing irrational cognitions create a domino effect to other aspects of people’s lives. Clinicians take on an active and direct role with the client that desire to obtain educational learning and restructuring of old cognitions by clients. All Cognitive Behavioral therapies are to challenge the cognitive process to bring on positive change. One of the most popular and widely used Cognitive Behavioral Therapies is known as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, abbreviated as REBT. This psychotherapy helps an array of issues a client may come in with, like depression, anxiety, anger, stress, guilt and even difficulties with procrastination. A therapist using REBT guides a client in how one’s own thoughts affect feelings (ABC’s of REBT).

In the cognitive behaviour approach to counselling the use of potential outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy, looking at the fact that there are emotional disorders that result from negative thoughts and thinking on unrealistic terms, and this in time can be altered by changing the unrealistic terms and negative thoughts to positive thoughts and realistic ideas. Rational emotional therapy is there to assist the client to make enlightened changes to themselves. In 1962 Ellis stated that “ human thinking and emotions are, in some of their essences, the same thing, and that by changing the former one does change the latter ( Dryden 2001). This would let the client to give up the demands of their own psyche, others and the world, and change it to suit their choices and to allow themselves to accept themselves for who they really are. If the counsellor can get the client to do this, they can experience healthy negative emotions such as sadness, concern and disappointment, while still retaining their desires, wishes and needs. The client will rarely experience unhealthy

The Albert Ellis Institute (AEI) was established in 1959, has a commitment to promoting emotional well-being through research and applications with a focus on short-term therapy with long-term results. The therapy approach presented on the website is based on the rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and action-oriented psychotherapy that teaches individuals to identify, change, and replace their negative beliefs with healthier ones which promote emotional well-being (The Albert Ellis Institute, 2014). Based on the information provided on the site an individual is able to decide if this approach to therapy is right for them in dealing with their issue.

To begin with, a descriptive of rational emotive behavior therapy or REBT from a psychological standpoint, meaning this is a pro tour cycle therapeutic approach which proposes irrational beliefs or unrealistic beliefs calls from emotional problems. However, is primary emphasis is on changing thoughts are irrational delete an individual might have because of reasoning or thoughts that may be more reasonable or rational. Next Albert Ellis develops this therapeutic belief because he believed irrational beliefs stemming from emotions or behaviors which are the primary issue at hand 4 within the individual. he also suggested that in the real world or what is car reality- emotion result from broken incidents or interpretations, which are irrational beliefs about bad things that happen in one's life bringing forth other emotions from one behavior or multiple behavior. Therefore, the REBT developed by Ellis used to deal with irrational beliefs using cognitive therapy, which helps challenge irrational thoughts to process or change the maladaptive behavior from the thought. Nevertheless, the primary therapeutic approach of the REBT is to guide a person towards a happier and more fulfilling life with the use of comprehensive, philosophically, active-directive, and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving behavioral

Throughout chapter Sixteen of our psychology text titled, Therapy, I was able to understand the current forms of therapy and how they work. The current forms of therapy include, psychotherapy and biomedical therapy. Psychotherapy is an interactive experience with a trained professional working on understanding ones behavior, thinking, relationships and emotions. The other form of therapy is called biomedical therapy, this includes the use of medications and other procedures acting directly on the body to reduce mental disorders. These two forms of therapy can and often times are used together. Psychodynamic therapy is described as a less intensive version of psychoanalysis. There are fewer sessions per week and the focus is on improved self-awareness and insight. Interpersonal therapy is a further extension of psychoanalysis. The focus is less on the past and more on current feelings and relationships. Humanistic therapies emphasize the human potential growth, self-actualization, and person fulfillment with the patient. Behavior Therapy is sometimes also used. This form of therapy uses principles of learning to help reduce unwanted responses, often used in addictions or emotions. Cognitive Therapies help people after negative thinking causes worsened depression and anxiety. CBT, or cognitive behavioral therapy works in a way to help change both cognitions and behaviors that are part of a mental health disorder. Some

Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) is a process by which the counselor actively challenges their client 's cognitive negative mental processes and destructive behaviors. (Gladding, 2000) Within this framework, using Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy will help the client restructure his irrational thought processes. Empirical evidence suggested by Albert Ellis who developed CBT, shows that cognitive restraining added to conventional desensitization procedures appears to be more rapid and durable. (Lazurus, 1974) This meaning, that CBT work in therapy can be resiliently effective for the individual. After initially reviewing Terry’s mutually agreed treatment plan, the counselor will then utilize strategies to work with the client over a number of sessions such as strategies in REBT work. “Clients in REBT may express some negative feelings, but a major goal is to help them avoid more of an emotional response to an event than is warranted. (Gladding, Wienrach, 2001)

Edward Lear was born in Highgate on May 12, 1812. His sister mothered him until she died and Edward was 50! He suffered many health problems, including seizures and heart problems. He never got to see his father (Jeremiah Lear) since he was in jail. Edward never got married, but proposed twice to the same person. Edward passed away from a heart disease which he had for a long time. He is buried at the Foce cemetery in Sanremo.

One is not disturbed by circumstances, but by one’s belief about those circumstances. Such is the idea upon which Albert Ellis built his Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory (REBT). Combining elements of both cognitive and behavioral therapies, REBT therapy seeks to help a client understand and change irrational thoughts that cause emotional pain and dysfunctional behavior. This paper shall briefly discuss REBT, including the A-B-C-D-E therapeutic approach which characterizes it, and examine its application in a case study.

There are many that have contributed to cognitive behavior therapy or CBT throughout the years but we are going to focus on the founders of modern day CBT, Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Ellis is responsible for the Rational emotive behavior therapy, the first of the CBT in the 1960’s. The bases of REBT is suggest that a patient’s emotional distressed stems from their thoughts about a traumatic event, and not the event itself. Ellis developed this approach as a means to get over his personal problems growing up, problems such as public speaking and his shyness around women. Beck during the 1970’s developed cognitive therapy, which suggest that a patient behavior is affected by the way they structure the world based on the attitudes and assumptions they encounter on previous experiences. Becks main purpose was to create an evidence-based therapy that addressed depression. Beck based the validity of his theory after he tested it and the constructs with empirical studies while conducting controlled outcome studies to determining how the outcomes would compare with existing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments for depression.

The field of psychology has evolved considerably in the last century and Carl Rogers (1902-1987) has been one of the most influential figures contributing to its growth. Rogers is considered by many to be the leader of the humanistic psychology movement. He spent the majority of his professional career demonstrating “how supportive, growth-producing conditions can unleash healing, responsible self-direction, and creativity in individuals and groups in all walks of life” (Kirschenbaum, 2004, p.121). Today, more than half a century after publishing his theories, Rogers’ conditions for effective therapy have continued to serve as a foundation for mental health professionals around the world, regardless of their theoretical orientations.

REBT is a form of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and was invented by Ellis in 1955 after he found out some pitfalls in psychoanalytic theory such as the ridiculous amount of time spent to get the clients getting their insight into their problems that has been practiced among therapist during his time. REBT theory was mainly expected to be more active-directive approach as he focused on verbalizing to his clients what he thought to be the clients’ assured insight.

Albert Ellis was one of the most influential psychotherapists in the establishment of cognitive behavioral therapy because he founded Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Ellis was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1913. He had low emotional attachment with his parents because his parents being emotionally distant from him and his siblings. He took great responsibility in raising his two younger siblings. He graduated in 1934 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business. After graduating from college, he started a business and attempted to be a writer, but those efforts did not bring him successfulness. Then, he decided to involve in the field of clinical psychology by enrolling in PhD degree in 1942 and obtained the degree in 1947. Before he completed his PhD degree, he published several articles that criticized personality tests. He studied various psychological theories and he was inspired by Sigmund Freud’s works, which caused him to further his knowledge by studying and practicing psychoanalysis. As he was further studying psychoanalysis, he questioned the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and decided to develop a more directive psychotherapy. In the late 40s and 50s, he developed Rational Therapy (RT) and changed the name to REBT later. His idea was not widely acceptable during that time, but that did not stop him from establishing “The Institute for Rational Living” in 1959. In the 60s, Ellis worked with many religious practitioners to increase the