Albinism Research Paper

Imagine, you are a seven year old boy living in an Chinese orphanage where there are nearly a thousand other children, and you were found on the side of the road wrapped in a yellow blanket. Out of all of the children you are the only albino. Your skin and hair are white as snow, and your eyes are red or lavender depending on the light. It is impossible to fit in because albinism is feared in the Chinese culture. One day someone tells you that you are moving. No explanation why or where you are moving, and with the clothes on your back you are dropped off at an office, waiting for the start of a new life.

Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder, whereas ocular albinism is a sex-linked or autosomal recessive disease. Oculocutaneous results from mutations in several genes, including TYR, OCA2,

In people of West African ancestry such as the man in the study typically have SCD/haemoglobin C disease. This is a type of SCD that results from the inheritance of one HbS gene through one gene for HbC and this type of SCD is the most common abnormal haemoglobin gene in West Africa. The inheritance pattern for SCD is not complicated because if both parents hold one abnormal gene, there is a 1 in 4 possibility that any offspring will

The most obvious symptoms of Albinism is the lack of of color in a person’s hair, skin, and eye color. A person’s skin may result in pinkish skin, ranging from white and brown, may be similar as of a parent or sibling without albinism. When exposed to the sun, some people may develop: freckles, moles without pigment, lentigines, or the ability to tan. Their hair color can range from very white to brown, hair may also darken by adulthood.

The genes for haemoglobin behave exactly as predicted by Mendel’s Law of Inheritance. A child must inherit one haemoglobin

:Albinism is a autosomal recessive disease, which means that a person must have two copies of the defective gene to exhibit symptoms of the disease. The child therefore inherits one defective gene responsible for making melanin from each parents. Because the task of making melanin is complex, there are many different types of albinism, involving a number of different genes.A defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin causes albinism. The defect may result in the absence of melanin production, or a reduced amount of melanin production. The defective gene passes down from both parents to the child and causes albinism.albinism:Until recently, prenatal diagnosis of OCA I was achieved by histologic and electron microscopic

The inheritance patterns graphically portrayed above for red-green color blindness can just as well coordinate with other sex-linked genes such as male pattern baldness. Typically, since sexlinked genes are only conveyed through the X chromosome, colorblindness is recessive to the gene with normal sight. Since males only have one X-chromosome they only have one sex-linked gene, therefore they are hemizygous. Meaning they only have a single copy of a gene rather than the ordinary two copies (Hemizygous, 2012). In terms of females, since they have two sex-linked genes, they are either homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous labels a genotype with two identical alleles at a certain locus, while heterozygous labels a genotype containing a single print of a gene in a diploid organism. From the following genotypes: Genotype of affected male (AY), genotype of affected female (AA), genotype of non-affected female (NN), genotype of non-affected

It's unknown what causes the DNA mutations that can lead to ALL but doctors have found that most cases are not inherited. ALL is most common in childhood, with a peak incidence at 2–5 years of age (75% of all cases) and another peak

Albinism is a recessive inherited defect in melanin metabolism in which pigment is absent from the hair, skin, and eyes (oculocutaneous albinism) or just from the eyes (ocular Albinism). Albinos tend to be children of parents who were first cousins.

Many people every year find out that they have some sort of genetic disease. Genetic diseases affect an estimated 12 million people and their families. According to Mayo Clinic Staff: Albinism, among all the genetic diseases one of the most uncommon is Albinism, which has less than 20,000 cases in the U.S. per year. Albinism is an inherited disorder that produces little or no pigment due to no melanin. This is one of the genetic diseases that can be self diagnosed although, there are tests available for a professional to diagnose for further precaution. Albinism is a disease that can last for years (which is very rare) or a life time because there is ultimately no cure. Albinism is a very rare disorder that

Also getting a thorough eye exam and comparing pigmentation to other family members helps diagnose Albinism. A few ways to help life go easier are wear prescription lenses and get an annual assessment for skin cancer and lesions. Other things that can help are apply sunscreen that has an SPF of 30 or above, protect the eyes, wear long sleeved shirts and long pants to protect the skin, and avoid being in the sun for too long. As of now scientists haven't found any environmental factors that causeAlbinism.

There are various types of albinism that affect humans and animals alike. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) primarily affects the skin, hair, and eyes. There are several subtypes of OCA including OCA1, OCA2,OCA3, and OCA4.  OCA1 is a result of a defect in the tyrosinase enzyme, which is the enzyme responsible for melanin production. Individuals with OCA1a have a complete absence of melanin and tend to have white hair, very pale skin, and light eyes.  Another subtype of OCA1 is OCA1b. Those with OCA1b produce melanin in minimal amounts but their coloring may increase with age. OCA2 is less severe than OCA1. Mutations in the OCA2 gene cause a disruption in the normal production of melanin; therefore, causing vision problems and reductions in hair,

Albino people in Nigeria are discriminated, the touching story was followed by Investigative Journalist Tunde Ajaja. What she discovered was a one year old whos guardians who did not provide the parental responsibility instead was ignored. The parents had split up after a fight due to the fact that this child was a pale skinned. Many nigerians do not believe a pale skinned person Albino can exists in Nigeria. Many simply refuse to accept that Albino nigerians exist. How would you like it it if somebody treated you like this because the pale skinned people are dealing with the stigma on a daily basis.The system in nigeria has denied these freedom many are afraid of the outside because society i nigeria does not accept ablinism. Each and every

Colorblindness is more likely within men than women effecting 1 in every 12 men as opposed to 1 in every 200 women. Before understanding colorblindness we first need to understand how a properly functioning eye works. To be able to see anything our eyes have what are called photoreceptors. Photoreceptors are broken into two categories, rods, which are sensitive to light and cones, which allow us to see color. Within the cone category there are three different types of cones which are each responsible for our ability to see different points within the color spectrum (S-cones responsible for blue, M-cones responsible for green and L-cones responsible for red). Colorblindness is a result of one or more malfunctioning or missing cones. The severity of damage within a cone and/or the amount of cones missing a person has determines their type of colorblindness. There are three different types of colorblindness, monochromacy, dichromacy and anomalous trichromacy.

It is easy to see that there is some differences from one person to the next. These differences can be hair color, eye color, skin color, facial structure, eye structure, etc. These different characteristics are polygenetic traits: hair color, eye color and skin color. Polygenetic trait is multiple genes mixing with each other to create the characteristics like blue eyes. The eye color is controlled through the genes from both parents that are passed through to their child. Scientist have found that there is multiple genes that decide what color the eye needs to be or will be. The color of the eye is often slightly or way different from one person to the next. The color of the eye has the function of controlling how much light enters the eye.