Alcohol Annotated Bibliography

Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. Though the negative health consequences of alcohol are widely understood, and, if anything, the social consequences of alcoholism are even more widely acknowledged, it seems that no matter what steps are taken by public health officials or private organizations, no strategy can ever be fully developed for eradicating alcoholism. There are a number of reasons why this is true. This paper will explore some of the social and medical problems created by alcohol, but in it I will also consider the role of alcohol in my personal life and the way I have seen the disease play out in the lives of people around me. The paper will also examine the social and political responses to the problem of alcoholism and attempt to determine where productive approaches have been taken and areas where mistakes have been made. Before discussing such wide-ranging questions, it is important to understand what alcoholism is and how it is manifested.

These days there are a number of social issues in the community, such as drug abuse, teenage pregnancy and alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is rampant in today’s society, Australian Drug Foundation states that, “Alcohol is the most widely used psychoactive, or mood-changing, recreational drug in Australia.”(Healey, 2002, p. 11). Underage drinking and binge drinking are some of the problems associated with alcohol abuse.

Alcohol is the most abused licit psychoactive drugs that affect one 's ability to think rationally and distorts their judgement if consumed excessively. Alcohol addiction is an illness arising from prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks. An alcoholic is a person suffering from alcohol addiction. Prolonged excessive use of large quantities can eventually lead to chronic health diseases like cirrhosis of the liver, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression seizures, gout and alcohol related accidents and crime. Statistics show that 9 million people in England drink more than the recommended daily intake while an estimated 8.697 died of alcohol-related deaths in 2014. According to the WHO worldwide alcohol causes 1.8 million deaths (3.2% of total) and 58.3 million (4% of total) of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Alcohol beverages with varied percentage content are consumed globally during religious, social, cultural events, festivals and other occasions. The use of alcoholic beverages has been an integral part of many cultures for thousands of years (McGovern, 2009). Over the centuries, there have been ongoing measures, research, interventions and policies which are aimed at promoting the moderate use of alcohol with a particular emphasis on preventing or reducing undesired outcomes. This essay will outline the key components of brief interventions in alcohol, the difference in approach with traditional methods of treatment and in conclusion, the

Alcohol use has spanned history. In fact, there is speculation that alcohol use actually preceded the formation of societies (Doweiko, 2015, p. 30). Thus, alcohol has long been a part of mankind’s life. The function of alcohol has unarguably changed throughout the course of history, as it was first used for nutritional purposes and then later on for religious purposes (Doweiko, 2015, p. 32). Today, alcohol serves a social purpose. In the United States, the prevalence of use is quite high, with just over 50% of the population partaking monthly (Doweiko, 2015, p. 34). This statistic is somewhat alarming considering alcohol use comes with a number of potential adverse consequences. Case in point, even

While alcohol use, or lack thereof, as a form of personal expression is not necessarily a view shared by societies across the globe, it is the one we have developed over the course of our history. Our society's views on alcohol are ever-changing and not necessarily shared by every member of society, but alcohol will always be a major part of our lives because our society's development has always included alcohol, as reflected in alcohol's use from colonial times through the Industrial Revolution and extending into the modern

The data of this report are collected from Statistics Canada. The method of collection for the consumption of alcohol is done by calculating the sales of alcohol per year per people over the years 1950 to 2000 in different provinces of Canada. The data on alcohol-related mortality is collapsed measure of causes of death with explicit mention of alcohol, collected from government records. The data is collected from twelve Canada provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon and Northwest Territories.

In 2013, the cost for treating alcohol dependent cases not only rose but also doubled from 1.51 million to 3.13 million. Of these, 6,490 resulted in death. On a minute scale, excluding those who depended on alcohol; 1,008,850 adults here who are categorised between the age of 16 and over were administered into hospitals for alcohol related illnesses. It was estimated that in 2008, the total harm that alcohol caused to society was 21 billion a year, (National statistics, 2014). The issue of alcohol has and still is one of a political importance, given that the taxpayer funded this. Tackling the issue by raising prices to dismay the population from drinking has failed. In fact, it has increased; in 1992, 527 millilitres (ml) were consumed per person per week, it then peaked to 700 (ml) per week in 2012, (National statistics, 2014).

This essay will provide an outline of the effects of alcohol consumption on the health of the nation as well as investigate a range of health promotion strategies aimed to reduce the burden of this issue. Furthermore, this paper will explore two alcohol reductions measures. The first is the behavior change model of the Australian Government’s National Binge Drinking Strategy (NBDS) which has stimulated the reduction of alcohol consumption. It will also look at two rolled out campaigns launched by governments to reduce the high trends of alcohol consumption; ‘Danny Green’s Coward Punch’ and Don’t Turn a Night out into a Nightmare’. Alcohol is an issue because habitual and excessive alcohol consumption has countless damaging health outcomes

The government have many different strategies in place to try to prevent young people from participating in risk taking behaviour. It has been found that the amount of 16-24 year olds binge drinking is at its lowest since 1998 (Office of National Statistics, 2010). This evidence is supported by research which found that the amount of underage drinking amongst children aged 11-15 has also decreased from 27% in 1996 to 13% in 2010 (NHS Information Centre, 2010). Although both statistics are not specific for the age this dissertation focuses on, it covers the age range in both findings, which highlights that alcohol intake has reduced. Although the alcohol intake of under 18s has decreased, the government still propose to reduce it further in

Harmful use of alcohol contributes 3.3 million deaths every year according to WHO (2015), which is representative of 5.9% of all deaths across the globe. Despite governmental law of putting the drinking age to be 18 and over (UK and Ireland), Many studies reported that within the last ten years that have examined the drinking habits of young people, results show that UK teenagers are characterized by high levels of intoxication and binge drinking. (Binge drinking is defined by the NHS and NOS as drinking than double the lower risk guidelines for alcohol in one session), when put beside their European equivalents (Hibell et al, 2001). This assignment will explore how alcohol use is influenced by psychological and social influences within health and well-being.

Adolescent brains are particularly vulnerable because they are not yet developed fully, with some studies finding impaired memory and reasoning skills in adolescents who engage in binge drinking,” (Davie, 2012, p. 44). There are many dangers and long term effects resulting from alcohol for adolescents because of the fact that their brain is still developing, “It can also cause long-term mental health problems such as depression, self-harm, impaired memory and, in extreme cases, psychosis,” (Davie, 2012, p. 44). Some motives for alcohol consumption and misuse in adolescents are also included throughout the article, “Reasons why adolescents misuse alcohol are multifactorial and can be placed into three categories: individual reasons, social reasons and peer influence,” (Davie, 2012, p. 45). Alcohol can also cause the individual under the influence to harm themselves or others without meaning to, “There has been an increase in anti-social behaviour along with the rise in alcohol misuse, suggesting a link between the two {Anderson and Hungerford 2007). 'Passive drinking' is also a common problem and refers to the secondary damage caused to people other than the drinker,” (Davie, 2012, p.

Young people are considered to constitute the largest number of alcohol consumers and they account for a large portion of alcohol sales. This is despite the strict drinking laws that govern many countries as regards alcohol purchase and consumption. Underage drinking, which has been on the increase, is allegedly the major cause of alcohol-related problems facing the modern

In 2011 World Health Organisation produced report based on the 2008 figures, in relation to alcohol drinking patterns (WHO 2011). The figures showed that an average Irish adult consumes 13.4 litres of pure alcohol per annum, compared to 12.2 litres to European adult. In addition to World Health Organisation survey, Health Services Executive in 2010 issued publication presenting 20 years of analysis of alcohol consumption in Ireland by Hope (Byrne 2010). In this publication it states that, Hope’s study shows that alcohol consumption per adult increased from 9.8 litres of pure alcohol in 1987 to 13.4 litres in 2006. Furthermore consumption per adult had risen to a high of 14.3 litres in 2001. Correspondingly there was a slight decrease in consumption per adult between 2004 and 2006, due to a greater increase in the adult population than in alcohol sales. Burne (2010) noted that, Ireland has a relatively high proportion of abstainers from alcohol. Ramstedt and Hope’s 2005 study of drinking habits in seven EU countries (Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Germany, UK, France and Italy) participating in the European Comparative Alcohol Study (ECAS) showed that at 23%, Ireland had by far the highest proportion of abstainers(Byrne 2010). Overall high abstainers numbers are good news, however if one to include abstainers statistics into

Alcohol dependence is known to be the most severe form of alcohol abuse. A person becomes so dependent on alcohol consumption that he/she loses sight of all the other important things going on around him/her. Family matters and social responsibilities become secondary worries to his/her primary concern for existence, which is drinking (Stephens, 2007). Nearly fourteen million Americans are somewhat dependent on alcohol. Alcohol dependence is more prominent in men, and young adults ages 18-29 (Stephens, 2007). According to a study done by Saitz “85,000 deaths, along with substantial disability from medical and psychiatric consequences, injuries and “secondhand” effects (ex: motor vehicle crashes) are attributed to the use of alcohol” (Saitz, 2005).

This dissertation examines Alcohol use and Misuse by Young People through practitioner’s perspectives using youth workers as the main practitioners to obtain the dynamics of alcohol use in young people. It investigates the behaviours and risks associated with the use, and excessive use or misuse of alcohol. This dissertation will seek to investigate the strategies to support young people on the use of alcohol, as well as to examine the training and resources available to offer these support to young people. The significance of Alcohol use and misuse by young people is to find the current improvement in the consumption of alcohol in relation to young people, as well as the policies/ legislations and organisation working to render support in achieving these improvements. This dissertation will use a case-study methodology to examine