Alcohol

According to a survey executed regarding the alcohol and drugs consumption in schools revealed that some of the student after tax enhancement using these product at major extent. However, AIC, (2013) revealed that excise data commencing the earliest time subsequent to the tax approached keen on consequence demonstrated an additional 30% decrease in RTD deals. In addition, about 1.5% declines were noticed in the alcohol consumption in Australia. Furthermore, the taxes increments were one of the options for the less consumption of alcohol beverages in the teen agers. However, NIA, (2015) elucidated that emphasising on the pricing strategies for the purpose, the cost-effective measure as the inclusive accommodated volumetric alcohol taxation and excise arrangement can be used. The non-pricing strategy could be focused that means the execution of other channels for the exclusion of use excessive alcohol; form the youth. The use educational programs, promotional campaigns and other strategies for the awareness creation should be

Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological development and health problems later in life. However, there is a bigger problem concerning alcohol. The problem is the excessive amount of drinking or commonly known as binge drinking, done by primarily college students and by raising taxes on any and all alcoholic beverages can lead to significant reduction of dangerous binge drinking and simultaneously reducing the dangerous effects of binge drinking.

The stakeholder group that will gain most of the benefit from lowering the drinking age to 18 is the alcohol companies. In a sense, the stakeholders between ages 18 and 20 and alcohol companies go hand in hand. Because these young adults are, for the most part, eager to purchase alcohol, the potential skyrocket in sales for that age group would ensure massive profits for alcohol companies. This is made clear considering that underage drinkers in the United States consumed “an estimated 19.7% of the total alcohol consumed”

In 1984 the United States Government approved the National Minimum Drinking Age Act that required that “the States prohibit persons under 21 years of age from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds.” Even though this bill was nowhere near the magnitude of the prohibition act that was passed less than a century before it, the act still damaged the relationship between individuals, firms, and the United States government. Although the intentions of the government were to control alcohol consumption among citizens aged 18-21, the passing of this act affected the equilibrium already established by a consumer-producer market, created a market failure and a black market, and introduced excise taxes into the market.

Specifically, they discuss the effects excise taxes, which is the tax paid by the seller. In this particular case, cigarette distributers are going to be affected by this Tabaco increase initiative. This article also contributes to a better understating of hidden taxes and the reasons behind tax changes. Joey corner also explains how the local or state government can be benefited through the collection of excise taxes.

Over the last few decades, tobacco and nicotine prevention efforts have risen to an all time high. Prevention efforts focus on education to the public of the negative effects on one’s health when using tobacco and nicotine products, as well as with pleas to healthcare policymakers to increase restrictions on product manufacturing and sales. One policy effort growing in popularity in the United States is called Tobacco 21, which proposes to raise the legal age of purchase for consumers of tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years of age (Farber, Pakhale, & Neptune, 2016). Farber, Pakhale, and Neptune (2016) state that 90% of tobacco and nicotine users begin smoking before the age of 18, with 99% of users starting before the age of 26. Lower smoking cessation rates are associated with earlier ages of initiation and the tobacco industry is known to target youth in advertisement of these products lending to the early age of initiation. The tobacco industry themselves admit that increasing the age allowed for purchase to exclude youth would substantially effect their sales. Tobacco 21 laws also deter adolescents from gaining tobacco or nicotine products from friends 18 to 21 years of age, which is the most likely age group to supply younger teens. With this knowledge, placing tighter restrictions on consumers younger than 21 years of age, using the Tobacco 21 policy, may deter tobacco and nicotine initiation in hopes to prevent individual use at all in the future (Farber

Cigarette smuggling and bootlegging do not necessarily lower the benefits of cigarette taxes as one would think. “20% of cigarettes consumed in the UK are smuggled.” (David Merriman) Although this seems like a high percentage it does not lead to a decrease in health. This is because “… even when smuggling is possible, cigarette taxes generally will raise the marginal producer's cost which will, in turn cause cigarette prices to increase and smoking to decline.” (David Merriman) Overall it seems that despite different “attacks” against tax increases, the fact that companies have to increase their prices will cause a reduction in cigarette

For two generations, Americans have needed to be 21 – or own an ID that states as such – to legally purchase and consume alcohol (Griggs, 1). According to The World Health Organization “the U.S. [is] one of only a handful of developed countries –Iceland, Japan, South Korea and Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18” (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol and performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumer spending for alcohol in 2013 was under the age of 21. It is estimated that “90 percent of underage drinking is consumed via binge drinking…with alcohol abuse becoming more prevalent among the country’s youth” (Aguirre, 1).

It is no secret that underage drinking is rampant in the United States. Though it’s illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy or possess alcohol, people under the age of 21 accounts for 17.5% of consumer spending for alcohol nationwide and 90% of that is consumed through binge drinking (Tracy). According to the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 9.3 million Americans between ages 12-20 report current alcohol consumption (Distillers Fighting). With alcohol being one the most commonly abused drugs and soon to pass tobacco on the cause of death list, the pose the questions that if lowering the drinking age could actually increase responsible alcohol intake.

If 90% of United States smokers could have another chance to redo it, they reported that they would not even have their first puff that initiated their tobacco addiction (Winickoff, Gottlieb, and Mello 2014). The Tobacco 21 bill is a fairly new legislation and already it has shown a decline in underage smokers as a result of its implementation. The results of the survey presented that the public opinion was largely accepting and supportive of the bill. The main argument against the bill is the harm that will come to retailers of tobacco products. Correspondingly, the argument is proven inaccurate and in favor of the bill. The past has shown the improved outcome of the country from the raise in the minimum alcohol age, and researchers regard

When thinking of alcohol, individuals may associate this substance with fun, partying, friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there have been many fatalities and injuries due to impaired driving, while also being linked to patterns of violence, dependence, and aggression. Current debates surrounding Minimum Legal Drinking Ages (MLDA) state that the legal purchasing and drinking age should be lowered. The legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age should not be lowered as it could result in more fatalities and injuries among young adults, an increase in alcohol dependence, and increase acts of aggression and violence within society. There are many factors to consider when studying current legal alcohol age debates such as factors of Public Health and Safety, factors of addiction, and socio-economic factors. There have been many studies surrounding this issue in many places of the world such as various parts of the world, such as Canada, the United States, and New Zealand. These studies take the various factors and differing drinking ages into consideration.

Tobacco has been the center of much controversy in America since the late twentieth century. Increasing numbers of studies showing the harmful side effects of tobacco has also caused many insurance companies to increase coverage costs to those who use the product. Insurance rates have a directly proportional relationship with risk factors, so the increase in coverage costs of tobacco users means that they have a higher risk of health complications. The raising of insurance rates is a safety net for the company to protect their stock. On average, individuals who use tobacco products in Florida often pay twenty dollars more per month than individuals who do not

Additionally, another policy that was a part of the anti-drinking campaign was the increased of taxation in alcohol beverage. Having higher alcohol taxes could reduce binge drinking amongst college students. State and local governments have raised alcohol taxes, usually with the intent of rising revues rather than discouraging alcohol abuse (Chaloupka and Wechsler,

Health economics can be used also prospectively together with the programmer or individually to inspect the influence of health promotion and health promotion procedures. For example, independent examination of the influence of a strategy can be used to measure the effect of tax changes on smoking behavior between unalike social groups. review the likely influence of an increase in the excise tax amount on cigarettes on the number of adolescent smokers, telling that a 23% rise in the price of cigarettes would result in a discount of 16% in the number of adolescents who would then smoke, and a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked by adolescents of 14% ( December 1,

Fortunately, the tobacco industry's behavior is likely to change due to the increasing legal and societal pressures. Much legislation has been imposed to tobacco firms based on codes of behavior, different government strategies and litigations, especially after 1980 where anti-smoking groups reactions, led to higher restrictions throughout