Alka-Seltzer

If you put too much of a sample on your chromatography paper, you could possibly have that color bleed into the color next to it, which would mess up your results. If you put too little of a sample on the paper, your color

There are many errors that could have been made during the process of this lab. One random error that could have been made was an error in recognizing a colour change in the sample, and stopping the titrant at the same point in the colour change every time. This error would change our data to some extent, as all the amounts of used titrant recorded would be slightly different than the actual amount needed for a colour change. This error would make our final amounts of NaOH needed incorrect, making our labs data unreliable and inaccurate. A systematic error that could have been made was misreading the volume of titrant in the burette. Due to parallax error, it is possible we may have misread the volume of titrant to begin with in the burette, and the amount used after titration. This error would have given us false data for how much titrant was used for each titration, making our data incorrect, and therefore unreliable for further use.

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) consists of a TLC plate (stationary phase) that is partially immersed in a solution (mobile phase) to separate compounds on it, based on polarity. When an unknown compound, with distinct polar components, is placed on the TLC plate, the components with low polarity will have traveled the farthest from the start line it was set on. A compound with low polarity also has a large Rf value () on a TLC plate. The Rf value is a ratio that depicts how much a compound interacted with the TLC plate. However, the compounds from experiment 5 were separated with an adsorption chromatography column.

Joshua Higgins Mrs. Gafford Science 7 20 January 2017 Baking soda and vinegar Introduction: In this experiment, it will be a chemical reaction. When the tow compounds are mixed together the release CO2 gases. Baking soda is a powder and vinegar is a liquid.

The chromatography process works by differences in polarity of the compounds present. Organic molecules will bind to fine particles of the silica gel by intermolecular forces. Non polar compounds such as aromatic compounds bind to the silica gel via weak van der Waals forces. Polar compounds will bind to the silica gel more strongly via dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding. When examining TLC plates the following general rules will apply: The role of the solvent is to move the compound through the solid media. A non-polar solvent will dissolve non-polar compounds. The non-polar compound will move most rapidly through the solid media with the solvent. A polar compound is more tightly bound by the silica gel via stronger intermolecular

It was difficult to determine the distance the spot traveled on the TLC plates because the Ultraviolet lights were not working

During the experiment there were no real problems going through the procedures. Everything went well except the first time all tape used was not measured so the experiment was restarted. The results went well and it followed the hypothesis. A recomendation for future experiments would be changing the materials used and incresing the grams used, that way the results would be larger in difference, since in this experiment some of the changes were very

Day One: On the first day of our Biochemical Unknown Lab we were given a tube that contained broth media which held two different types of bacterium. Once we were given our broths, we had to streak two Nutrient Agar plates with the mixed culture tube by using a loop. After I streaked my Nutrient Agar plates, I decided to perform a gram stain. First I flamed the loop and set it aside to cool. After I flamed the loop I prepared two slides with a drop of water in the middle. Once the loop was cool I dipped the loop into the broth and smeared the loop onto both slides mixing the unknown bacterium with the water. I flamed my loop, set it aside, heat fixed both slides, and let the slides air dry. Once the slide were dry I set them on two rods above the drainage area and covered the smears with Crystal Violet. I let the Crystal Violet sit on the smear for one minute and rinsed off the Crystal Violet. Once the Crystal Violet was rinsed I applied Grams Iodine and let that sit for one minute. After one minute passed I rinsed the slide again and moved on to applying the alcohol. I dripped the alcohol onto the slide until the

There are some silly mistakes that could have occurred in this lab that I performed. One common

Chromatography is the term used to describe all the separation methods based on the distribution of compounds between two separate phases. TLC, an abbreviation for thin layer chromatography, is a chromatographic technique which is used to separate components of a mixture using a thin stationary which has an inert backing, this occurs as one phase is fixed on a plate (stationary phase) and the other phase is mobile and migrates through the stationary phase (mobile phase). During the chromatographic development process, the mixture to be separated is distributed between the stationary and mobile phases. (Spangenberg Bernd et al 2011). It is mostly used because of its simplicity, relatively low cost, high sensitivity and relatively fast speed of separation. TLC also functions on the same principle as all other chromatography techniques. A compound has different affinities for the mobile and stationary phases, and this affects the speed at which it migrates. The goal of TLC is to obtain well defined, well separated spots. (O. H. Lowry, 1951). In contrast to HPLC, many samples can be run at the same time on TLC. (Journal of Chromatography, vol 19 (2011)).

When you have carbonic acid in the water a couple of things happen. Each carbonic acid molecule can release one of its hydrogen ions to make bicarbonate. The bicarbonate molecule can further break down to make a carbonate ion. The big issue here is you get both of these molecules bicarbonate and carbonate by losing hydrogen ions which are now sitting around freely in the water. The hydrogen ions increase the acidity of the water. The addition of CO2 sets up a

In order to proceed with the lab, we must know what chromatography is and how it works. Chromatography is used for the separation of a dye mixture. As mentioned, there are two important components of chromatography; the adsorbent and the eluent. Adsorbents are the solid materials that attract and absorb the materials to be separated. The eluent is the solve, that carries the materials to be separated through the adsorbent. The concept of chromatography is that the compounds that are to be separated are slightly soluble in the eluent and spend some time on the adsorbent. Therefore, when the components of the mixture have different affinities for the eluent, they can be separated from each other. This works because of the polarity of the molecules

In the experiment, I set up the 24-plate well, and added each solution one by one while keeping track of which liquid was in which well. I lit my burner with matches and started assembling my make-shift cotton toothpicks. My Q-tips were plastic, so I (with gloved hands) ripped the cotton off the swab and wrapped it around a toothpick. I then proceeded to dip the cotton in and wait a second or two before waving it through the flame.

Except when there is not enough acetic acid to react with all of the sodium bicarbonate, the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced will increase proportionally with the amount of sodium bicarbonate that is used.

However, the hypothesis may still have a chance to be correct as there were many sources of error that was present in the investigation. For example, the amount of Erichrome Black-T indicator that was added to the flask was slightly varied on each test. The bottle of the indicator was incredibly hard to use as the pressure from squeezing the bottle had to be precise each time. If the indicator bottle was squeezed too hard, a lot more of the indicator will come out rather than the desired amount of two drops. The impact of adding too many drops of the indicator is very large as it affects the titration point. Possible ways to minimise this error includes getting a smaller bottle of the indicator with a smaller hole at the tip, so that the indicator will not rush out all at once.